Real Colexiata de Santa María do Campo

The Real Colexiata de Santa María do Campo, also known in its local language as Colegiata de Santa María del Campo, is a captivating Romanesque church nestled in the heart of A Coruña, Spain. This historic gem, with its impressive facade and rich history, offers a fascinating journey through time for any visitor.

The History of Real Colexiata de Santa María do Campo

The origins of the Real Colexiata de Santa María do Campo can be traced back to the early 13th century. Documented records from 1208 indicate the existence of a Romanesque temple dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary. Though much of the original structure has been lost to time, the main chapel has remarkably survived.

The church we see today began to take shape in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. By 1302, it had been established as a parish church. The name do Campo, meaning of the Field, harks back to a time when the church stood outside the city walls, surrounded by open fields. Over the centuries, it became the church of the maritime and commercial guilds.

In 1441, the Archbishop of Santiago, Lope de Mendoza, elevated the church to the status of a collegiate church. By 1476, the rector and chaplains had formed a collegiate chapter, including a prior and four canons. In 1494, Pope Alexander VI granted it the title of abbey through a papal bull.

The 16th century saw the construction of the Estrela and Portal chapels, followed by the San José chapel in the 18th century. Expansion and renovation efforts continued into the late 18th century, including the construction of a sacristy by master stonemason José Elenalde in 1796 and the completion of the baptistery in 1812.

In 1879, the chapter commissioned architect Juan de Ciórraga to restore the facade. This project involved the demolition of the Estrela and Portal chapels, as well as the porch and chapter dependencies. Although the work was halted in 1890 due to a lack of funds, it was eventually completed in 1899, incorporating the original facade into the new design. However, the portico designed by Ciórraga was never built.

Exploring Real Colexiata de Santa María do Campo

The Real Colexiata de Santa María do Campo boasts three naves that culminate in a semicircular apse, reflecting the enduring influence of Galician Romanesque architecture well into the Gothic period. The 19th-century main facade, facing the Cornide Palace, features a stunning rose window above the original Romanesque portal. This portal is adorned with an intricately carved tympanum depicting the Epiphany.

The tympana of the other two doors are equally captivating, with the northern door showcasing an image of Saint Catherine and the southern door displaying either an image of the Apostle James or a monastic scene.

The church's bell tower, dating back to the 15th century, adds a Gothic flair to the structure. Inside, visitors will find remarkable works of art, including images of the Annunciation and a statue of Saint Mary Magdalene. The church also houses the tombs of notable figures such as Xoán Afonso de Prabio (1512) and Xoán de Andeiro. The main chapel contains the tomb of the church's first abbot, Fernando Bermúdez de Castro (1494), while the other nave features the Gothic sarcophagi of Fernán Moula and Sancha Martínez (14th century).

Ascending the steps to the church, visitors are greeted by one of the oldest stone crosses in Galicia, dating back to the 15th century. This ancient cruceiro stands as a testament to the church's long and storied history.

The Architectural Splendor

The Real Colexiata de Santa María do Campo is a masterpiece of Romanesque architecture, with elements that span several centuries. The facade, with its rose window and detailed carvings, is a stunning example of the period's artistry. The interior, with its high vaulted ceilings and intricate stonework, provides a serene and contemplative atmosphere.

One of the highlights of the church is the main altar, which is adorned with beautiful religious iconography. The side chapels, each with their unique designs and dedications, offer a glimpse into the diverse artistic influences that have shaped the church over the centuries.

A Visit to Remember

Visiting the Real Colexiata de Santa María do Campo is not just a journey through architectural history but also an opportunity to connect with the spiritual heritage of A Coruña. The church's serene ambiance, combined with its historical significance, makes it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the region.

Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply seeking a peaceful retreat, the Real Colexiata de Santa María do Campo offers a rich and rewarding experience. Its walls, steeped in centuries of history, echo the stories of the past and stand as a testament to the enduring legacy of this remarkable church.

In conclusion, the Real Colexiata de Santa María do Campo is more than just a historic monument; it is a living piece of history that continues to inspire and captivate visitors from around the world. Its blend of Romanesque and Gothic elements, combined with its storied past, make it an unmissable attraction in the beautiful city of A Coruña.