Fontaine de la Rotonde

In the heart of Aix-en-Provence, where history and artistry converge, stands the majestic Fontaine de la Rotonde. This iconic fountain, a symbol of the city’s rich cultural heritage, captures the essence of Aix with its elegant design and historical significance. Conceived by the talented engineer Théophile de Tournadre, the fountain was inaugurated in 1860 to celebrate the long-awaited arrival of water from the Zola Canal. Today, it remains one of the most beloved landmarks in Aix-en-Provence, drawing visitors from around the world to admire its beauty and learn about its storied past.

The Historical Evolution of the Place de la Rotonde

The area surrounding the Fontaine de la Rotonde has undergone significant transformations over the centuries. Originally, the site was part of a larger project initiated after the death of the Comte de Valbelle in 1779, who left a generous legacy to the city. The demolition of the city’s ramparts and the creation of a new bridge marked the beginning of a new era for Aix-en-Provence. The bustling activity and continuous passage of materials for construction would eventually lead to the creation of the iconic Place de la Rotonde.

Throughout the late 18th and early 19th centuries, various architects proposed grand plans for the area, including the installation of a monumental fountain. However, it wasn’t until a century later that these plans came to fruition, with the fountain being officially unveiled in 1860. Over the years, the square has been renamed several times, reflecting the changing political climates and historical events, until it settled on its current name, Place du Général de Gaulle.

The Magnificent Design of the Fontaine de la Rotonde

The Fontaine de la Rotonde is a masterpiece of architectural and artistic design, constructed from the cool stones of Saint-Antonin, Pourrières, and Fuveau. The fountain rises to an impressive height of 12 meters, with a total diameter of 41 meters. At its base, a large circular basin, 32 meters in diameter, is adorned with majestic lion sculptures that seem to guard the flowing waters.

Above this, a smaller basin is perched, surrounded by ornate decorations, including heads of cheetahs. The crowning glory of the fountain is the trio of statues that stand atop the structure. Each statue, crafted by a different sculptor, faces a distinct direction, symbolizing justice, commerce and agriculture, and the fine arts. These figures add a layer of symbolic depth to the fountain, representing the diverse facets of Aix-en-Provence’s identity.

The Symbolic Statues and Their Meanings

The three statues that grace the top of the Fontaine de la Rotonde are more than mere decorative elements; they are symbols of the city’s values and aspirations. The statue facing the Cours Mirabeau, created by the Aixois sculptor Joseph Marius Ramus, represents justice. Looking towards the road to Marseille, the statue by Louis-Félix Chabaud symbolizes commerce and agriculture, reflecting the city’s economic roots. Finally, the statue oriented towards Avignon, sculpted by Hippolyte Ferrat, embodies the fine arts, celebrating Aix’s rich artistic heritage.

These statues have earned the fountain the affectionate nickname “Fontaine des Trois-Grâces,” or the Fountain of the Three Graces, highlighting their graceful presence and the harmonious balance they bring to the overall composition.

The Ever-Flowing Waters of the Fountain

Initially, the fountain’s water supply was limited, with the 48 spouts only flowing on Sundays and public holidays due to the insufficient capacity of the Zola Canal. However, the arrival of water from the Verdon Canal in 1875 transformed the fountain into a constantly flowing marvel. This new source allowed for continuous operation, enhancing the fountain’s allure and making it a vibrant centerpiece of the city.

In 1974, further improvements were made, connecting the fountain to the municipal water network and recycling the water to ensure sustainability. By 1996, the water flow was increased to a robust 180 cubic meters per hour, ensuring that the fountain could maintain its splendor for generations to come.

A Living Monument in the Heart of Aix-en-Provence

Today, the Fontaine de la Rotonde is more than just an architectural wonder; it is a living part of Aix-en-Provence’s cultural landscape. Its location at the intersection of major avenues places it at the city’s vibrant core, where locals and tourists alike gather to enjoy its beauty and tranquility. The fountain’s presence is a testament to the city’s ability to blend history with modernity, offering a glimpse into the past while remaining a vital part of the present.

As you stroll around the bustling streets of Aix-en-Provence, the Fontaine de la Rotonde invites you to pause and reflect on the stories it holds. Whether you’re drawn by its artistic allure or its historical significance, this magnificent fountain promises an unforgettable experience, capturing the spirit of a city that has long been a beacon of culture and innovation.