Hospital Sueco-Noruego

Nestled in the charming town of Alcoy, Spain, the Hospital Sueco-Noruego stands as a testament to international solidarity and historical significance. This remarkable institution, established in 1937 amidst the tumult of the Spanish Civil War, encapsulates a unique blend of Scandinavian altruism and Spanish resilience. A visit to this historic site offers a profound glimpse into a pivotal era of Spanish history, making it a must-see for history enthusiasts and curious travelers alike.

The Birth of a Lifeline

The origins of the Hospital Sueco-Noruego are deeply rooted in the humanitarian spirit of the Scandinavian countries. As the Spanish Civil War erupted in 1936, progressive segments of society in Sweden and Norway were moved to action, forming committees to aid the beleaguered Spanish Republic. These committees, driven by a sense of solidarity, raised substantial funds to provide humanitarian assistance to the Spanish people.

In the spring of 1937, this collective effort culminated in the establishment of the Hospital Sueco-Noruego in Alcoy. With an impressive donation of 250,000 Swedish crowns, the Scandinavian committees offered a fully equipped hospital to the Spanish Minister of Health, Federica Montseny. All they requested in return was a suitable and secure location away from the front lines. After careful consideration, the Republic selected a newly constructed building in Alcoy, originally intended to house the Escuela Industrial, which had yet to be inaugurated.

Operation During the War

The hospital officially opened its doors on April 25, 1937, staffed by a dedicated team of around 30 individuals, including doctors, nurses, and auxiliary personnel from Scandinavia. This international team worked tirelessly to provide medical care to the wounded soldiers and civilians affected by the war. Their efforts ensured that the hospital was well-equipped and efficiently managed before they handed over the reins to Spanish medical professionals.

Among the notable figures who played a crucial role in the hospital's operation was Dr. Manuel Bastos Ansart, a renowned expert in treating war injuries. His expertise and leadership in the surgical wards were instrumental in maintaining high standards of care. Although he declined to assume the overall directorship of the hospital, his contributions left an indelible mark on its legacy. The hospital was eventually led by Dr. Alonso Encalado Ruano, who continued its mission of providing critical medical services.

A Target in the Crossfire

As the war raged on, the hospital's significance grew, and it became a vital medical hub. However, its strategic importance also made it a target. On October 16, 1938, Alcoy experienced its fourth bombing raid, and the hospital was not spared. Although the attack caused significant damage, miraculously, there were no fatalities. Nevertheless, the authorities decided to evacuate the hospital, transferring patients to other field hospitals in Onteniente and Villajoyosa. At the time of the evacuation, the hospital had a capacity of 700 beds and was treating approximately 685 patients.

Post-War Transformation

The conclusion of the Spanish Civil War in 1939 marked the beginning of a new chapter for the building that housed the Hospital Sueco-Noruego. With the victory of Francoist forces, the building was repurposed as a prison, reflecting the harsh realities of the post-war period. It remained a prison until 1943, when it was finally transferred to the Ministry of Education to fulfill its original purpose as an educational institution.

The building, now known as the Edificio Viaducto, became part of the Escuela Politécnica Superior de Alcoy (EPSA). The once-harrowing prison cells were transformed into classrooms and research laboratories, symbolizing a return to its intended role in fostering knowledge and innovation.

Enduring Legacy

Today, the legacy of the Hospital Sueco-Noruego endures as a symbol of international cooperation and compassion. The contributions of individuals like Dr. Manuel Bastos Ansart and the Norwegian physician Kristian Gleditsch, along with his wife Nini Haslund, who managed the hospital, are celebrated for their dedication and selflessness. Their efforts, along with those of countless others, bridged borders and brought hope to a war-torn nation.

Visitors to Alcoy can explore the Edificio Viaducto and reflect on its storied past. The building stands as a reminder of the resilience of the human spirit and the power of collective action in times of crisis. It serves as a poignant testament to the enduring impact of humanitarian efforts and the importance of preserving history for future generations.

In conclusion, the Hospital Sueco-Noruego in Alcoy is more than just a historical site; it is a beacon of hope and solidarity that continues to inspire and educate. Its walls echo with the stories of those who fought to save lives and uphold the principles of compassion and humanity. A visit to this remarkable institution offers a profound and moving experience, allowing travelers to connect with a pivotal moment in history and appreciate the enduring legacy of international cooperation.