Georgia State Capitol

The Georgia State Capitol stands as a beacon of history and architectural splendor in the heart of Atlanta, Georgia. This magnificent building, with its gleaming golden dome, is not only a symbol of the state's rich heritage but also a functioning seat of government. As a National Historic Landmark, the Capitol draws visitors from near and far, eager to explore its storied past and admire its neoclassical design.

The History of the Georgia State Capitol

The journey of the Georgia State Capitol began in the late 19th century. Following a referendum in 1868, Atlanta was chosen as the new state capital, replacing Milledgeville. Initially, the government operated out of a two-story brick building, but the need for a more grandiose and functional structure soon became apparent. Construction of the current Capitol commenced on November 13, 1884, with the cornerstone being laid on September 2, 1885. The building was completed in March 1889, designed by Chicago architects Willoughby J. Edbrooke and Franklin Pierce Burnham, and built by Miles and Horne from Toledo, Ohio.

The Capitol's design, inspired by the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., showcases the neoclassical architectural style. The building's facade features a four-story portico with a stone pediment supported by six Corinthian columns. The interior, reflecting the Victorian style of its era, was one of the first buildings to feature modern amenities such as elevators, centralized steam heating, and a combination of gas and electric lighting.

Exploring the Capitol

Visitors entering the Capitol are immediately struck by its grandeur. The open central rotunda, flanked by two wings with large staircases and a three-story atrium, is a sight to behold. The dome, originally constructed with terracotta and covered with tin, was gilded with native gold from Dahlonega, Georgia, in 1958. This golden dome, now a symbol of Georgia's rich history, is often referred to in media reports on legislative matters as under the Gold Dome.

The second floor houses the offices of the governor, lieutenant governor, and secretary of state. The legislative chambers, where the Georgia General Assembly convenes annually from January to April, are located here as well. The fourth floor offers galleries for visitors to observe the legislative process, providing a unique insight into the workings of state government.

The Capitol Museum

The Georgia Capitol Museum, situated near the rotunda, is a treasure trove of the state's natural and cultural history. Established in 1889, the museum's extensive collections include artifacts, rocks, minerals, fossils, and Native American items. Although many of these items are currently in storage due to renovations, the museum still offers a fascinating glimpse into Georgia's past.

Visitors can also explore portraits of past governors, statues of notable Georgians, and historical flags from various wars. The museum's mission is to preserve and interpret the history of the Capitol, the functions of government, and the significant events that have taken place within its walls.

Liberty Plaza and Monuments

In 2015, Liberty Plaza was inaugurated to the east of the Capitol, providing a large public space for gatherings and events. The plaza features replicas of the Liberty Bell and the Statue of Liberty, along with several monuments that were relocated from the Capitol grounds. These include statues of prominent figures such as John Brown Gordon, Joseph E. Brown, Eugene Talmadge, Richard B. Russell, Herman Talmadge, Jimmy Carter, and Ellis Arnall.

One of the most poignant monuments is the statue of Martin Luther King Jr., unveiled in 2017, honoring the civil rights leader's enduring legacy. Other notable monuments include the Vietnam War Memorial, the Spanish-American War Veterans Monument, and the Expelled Because of Color statue, commemorating the 33 African American legislators who were expelled from the Georgia General Assembly in 1868.

Architectural Highlights

The Capitol's architectural features are a testament to the craftsmanship of the late 19th century. The use of classical pilasters and oak paneling throughout the building creates an atmosphere of elegance and dignity. The floors, made from marble sourced from Pickens County, Georgia, add to the building's stately appearance.

The Great Hall, completed in 1511 for James IV, is another highlight. This grand space, with its impressive hammerbeam roof and displays of weaponry and armory, offers a glimpse into the past. The hall has hosted numerous state ceremonies and continues to be a focal point of the Capitol's interior.

Restorations and Renovations

The Capitol has undergone several renovations to preserve its historical integrity and accommodate the evolving needs of government. In the 1980s, the dome was restored, and the legislative chambers were returned to their 1889 appearance. This included the demolition of damaged plaster, reinstallation of flat plaster on the dome, columns, and walls, and decorative painting in the House and Senate Chambers.

Today, the Georgia State Capitol stands as a proud symbol of the state's heritage and a functioning seat of government. Its blend of historical significance, architectural beauty, and modern functionality makes it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring Atlanta. Whether you're a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply curious about the workings of state government, the Capitol offers a rich and rewarding experience.