Nestled in the heart of the picturesque town of Autun, France, the Lycée militaire, officially known as the lycée militaire national d'Autun, stands as a testament to centuries of rich history and educational excellence. This esteemed institution, under the auspices of the French Ministry of the Armed Forces, has been shaping young minds since its inception and continues to be a beacon of learning and military tradition.
The origins of the Lycée militaire can be traced back to the 17th century when it was initially established as a grand seminary. Founded in 1675 by Bishop Gabriel de Roquette, the seminary was completed in 1679, with its architectural plans crafted by Daniel Gittard. The gardens, designed by the renowned André Le Nôtre, added a touch of elegance to the premises. The seminary's construction was notably economical, utilizing stones from the ancient Roman theatre of the city. This edifice was once hailed as the most beautiful seminary in France by Bussy-Rabutin.
During the tumultuous times of the French Revolution, the seminary underwent significant transformations. It served various roles, including a hospital and a prison for Austrian and Spanish prisoners. By 1809, it had transitioned into a mixed-education facility under Mother Anne Marie Javouhey, before reverting to a seminary in 1813.
The year 1885 marked a pivotal shift as the premises became the École militaire préparatoire de cavalerie, dedicated to training young boys, primarily sons of cavalry officers, for military careers. The institution evolved over time, providing secondary education and preparing students for officer school entrance exams.
World War I saw the young cadets bravely joining the front lines, with 154 losing their lives in the conflict. The school continued to adapt, broadening its military education scope in 1921 and embracing secondary education fully by 1924.
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As World War II unfolded, the school had to relocate multiple times due to the advancing German forces. A group of students, led by the audacious Adjudant-Chef Grangeret, known as the Lion, played a significant role in the French Resistance, participating in crucial battles for liberation.
After the war, the school returned to Autun, expanding its curriculum and establishing the corniche Mac-Mahon in 1951, a preparatory class for the prestigious Saint-Cyr military academy.
In 1971, the institution was renamed the Collège militaire, and by 1983, it had adopted its current title, Lycée militaire. Today, it educates hundreds of students annually, offering a comprehensive curriculum from middle school through preparatory classes for higher military education.
The Lycée militaire is not only an educational institution but also an architectural gem. The entrance is adorned with a horse's head, a nod to its cavalry roots. The cloister, with its surrounding galleries, encloses a courtyard featuring a statue of the Virgin Mary and Child from 1861. The site also hosts annual concerts as part of the Musique en Morvan festival.
Significant historical artifacts include the seal of Bishop de Roquette, sculpted before the Franco-Prussian War, and a monument inaugurated in 1955 by General Kœnig, honoring those who died for France.
The Lycée militaire is more than just a school; it is a living legacy of France's military and educational history. The institution continues to maintain its high standards, accepting students based on academic merit and a national competition. It remains a prestigious establishment, fostering the next generation of leaders.
Visitors to Autun can explore this historic site, appreciating its architectural beauty and the stories embedded within its walls. The Lycée militaire stands as a proud symbol of tradition, resilience, and the enduring spirit of education.
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