Pauluskerk, Baarn

The Pauluskerk, or St. Paul's Church, stands as a testament to the rich historical tapestry of Baarn, a charming town in the Netherlands. This architectural gem, originally built in the Romanesque style with later Gothic additions, has been a focal point of the town's spiritual and communal life for centuries. Nestled on the highest point of Baarn’s center at the Brink, the Pauluskerk is not just a place of worship but a beacon of history and culture.

The Historical Journey of Pauluskerk

Constructed around 1385, the Pauluskerk initially served as a Roman Catholic church under the aegis of the Utrechtse Paulusabdij. For nearly two centuries, it stood as a symbol of Catholic faith until the seismic shifts of the Reformation. In a dramatic turn during the Christmas night of 1580, the church was taken over by the Protestants on the orders of the States of Utrecht. This moment marked the beginning of its new identity as a Protestant church, a role it continues to fulfill to this day.

The architectural evolution of the Pauluskerk is a fascinating tale. The church's choir was expanded in the 15th century with a three-sided addition, and the nave was extended up to the tower. The tower itself, originally located at the center of the nave, was elevated to its current height during this period. The 16th century saw the addition of a consistory beside the choir, further enhancing the church's structure.

An Architectural Marvel

The Pauluskerk's tower, standing at an impressive 43 meters, is a striking feature of the church. Interestingly, due to a 17th-century renovation, the tower now stands slightly off-center from the church's main axis. The tower comprises two distinct sections; the lower section features belfry openings, while the upper section is adorned with windows. The tower also houses two historic dungeons on the ground floor and the second floor, which were used to temporarily detain vagrants and wanderers until 1900.

The original bell, dating back to the 16th century, was lost during the German occupation in World War II. The current bell, inscribed with the poignant words Door Duitse dwinglandij ging d'eerste klok verloren / Uit burgerzin werd ik, de tweede, thans geboren, serves as a reminder of the church's resilience and the community's spirit. The carillon, with its 44 bells, is another highlight, often played manually or via a computer system, adding a melodious charm to the church's ambiance.

Religious Significance and Royal Connections

The Pauluskerk has been a witness to numerous significant events over the centuries. Until January 1, 1829, it was the final resting place for all deceased residents of Baarn, regardless of their religious affiliation. The wealthy preferred to be buried within the church or as close to it as possible, leading to structural issues such as floor subsidence and unpleasant odors. Consequently, burials in and around the church were prohibited, and separate cemeteries for Protestants and Catholics were established.

Among the notable features within the church is the Hofkerkbank, an ornate pew installed in the 17th century for Stadtholder William III, who resided in nearby Soestdijk. The pew is adorned with the coat of arms of the House of Orange-Nassau and the motto of the Order of the Garter: Honi soit qui mal y pense (Shame on him who thinks evil of it). Princess Juliana was the last royal to use this pew, which is now reserved for royal family members during special occasions.

Unique Interior Elements

The Pauluskerk's interior is a treasure trove of historical artifacts. The oak pulpit, dating back to around 1635, is a focal point of the church. Originally adorned with intricate decorations, these embellishments were removed over time. In 1888, the pulpit was relocated to the east side of the church, where it remains today.

Another fascinating feature is the baptismal font, an octagonal stone structure that was partially lost during the Reformation. The two halves were eventually reunited in 1976, and the font now occupies a place of honor within the church. It is decorated with four heads, believed to symbolize the four rivers of paradise: Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, and Ganges. In 2011, a brass baptismal bowl was added to the font.

Restorations and Modern Additions

The Pauluskerk has undergone several restorations to preserve its historical and architectural integrity. The organ, built by D.A. Flentrop Zaandam in 1959, received significant maintenance and re-intonation in 1995, with further adjustments made in 2008 and 2009. The clock faces on the tower were also restored in 2005, ensuring that this iconic feature remains a prominent part of Baarn's skyline.

Today, the Pauluskerk stands as a proud symbol of Baarn's heritage, inviting visitors to explore its rich history and architectural splendor. Whether you are drawn by its religious significance, historical intrigue, or architectural beauty, the Pauluskerk offers a captivating glimpse into the past and a serene retreat in the heart of Baarn.