Backnang Abbey

Backnang Abbey, known locally as Kollegiatstift St. Pankratius, is a historic gem nestled in the charming town of Backnang in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. This ancient abbey, with its rich tapestry of history and architectural splendor, offers a fascinating glimpse into the past, making it an unmissable destination for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike.

The Origins of Backnang Abbey

Backnang Abbey was founded before 1116 by Hermann II, Margrave of Verona and Baden, and his wife Judith of Backnang. This foundation was officially confirmed by Pope Paschal I in 1116, marking the beginning of an illustrious chapter in the region's history. However, it wasn't long before the abbey faced its first challenge. By 1123, it needed revitalization and was renewed with the help of Augustinian canons from the Marbach Abbey in Alsace.

The Abbey’s Golden Age

From 1123 to 1243, Backnang Abbey served as the burial site for the Margraves of Baden, who were related to the Zähringer dynasty. This prestigious connection brought considerable wealth and influence to the abbey. However, as the influence of the Margraves of Baden shifted southwestward, Backnang found itself increasingly exposed to the growing power of Württemberg.

Turbulent Times

The abbey's fortunes took a dramatic turn in 1235 when it became embroiled in a feud between Margrave Hermann V and the Lords of Neuffen. This conflict resulted in the abbey being ravaged and burned by Heinrich von Neuffen, leading to the tragic death of the provost and many Augustinian canons. Despite these hardships, the abbey's significance was recognized by Pope Innocent IV in 1245, who placed it under his direct protection and excommunicated those responsible for its destruction.

Papal Protection and Privileges

Pope Innocent IV's intervention was a turning point for Backnang Abbey. He confirmed its extensive possessions and granted it several privileges. These privileges were reaffirmed by subsequent popes, including Gregory X in 1272 and John XXII in 1318. Despite these papal protections, Backnang became part of Württemberg in 1297, and by 1366, Count Eberhard II had also secured financial control over the abbey.

Transformation and Decline

In 1477, with the approval of Pope Sixtus IV, Backnang Abbey was transformed into a collegiate church. However, the Reformation brought significant changes. In 1535, the abbey was dissolved, only to be briefly reoccupied in 1551 following a complaint to Emperor Charles V. The last remaining Catholic canon passed away in 1593, marking the definitive end of the Augustinian abbey.

The Jesuits and the Thirty Years' War

The Thirty Years' War brought a brief period of re-Catholicization to Backnang. Following the Protestant defeat at the Battle of Nördlingen in 1634, imperial Catholic troops occupied the town. In 1635, the Jesuits took over the abbey, aiming to restore Catholicism. However, Emperor Ferdinand III granted religious freedom to Württemberg's Protestant citizens in 1638, and by 1648, after the Peace of Westphalia, the Jesuits had to leave the abbey.

Destruction and Rebuilding

The Palatinate War of Succession in 1693 saw Backnang plundered and set ablaze by French troops, resulting in the abbey church being destroyed except for the choir. The nave was rebuilt in a simplified form by 1697, preserving the abbey's presence in the town.

The Abbey's Extensive Possessions

In the mid-13th century, Backnang Abbey held extensive properties across various locations, including Ellenweiler, Beilstein, Pleidelsheim, and many others. These possessions highlight the abbey's significant influence and reach during its peak.

Notable Burials

The crypt and choir of the abbey church serve as the final resting place for several notable figures, including Margrave Hermann II and his wife Judith of Backnang, Margrave Hermann III and his wife Berta, and Margrave Hermann V. The remains of the Margraves of Baden were reinterred in the choir around 1500, and the crypt was subsequently filled in. It was excavated and made accessible again in 1929, offering visitors a poignant connection to the past.

Backnang Abbey stands as a testament to the region's rich history and the resilience of its people. Its storied past, marked by periods of prosperity, conflict, and renewal, makes it a captivating destination for those seeking to explore the historical tapestry of Baden-Württemberg. Whether you're a history buff or a curious traveler, Backnang Abbey promises a journey through time that you won't soon forget.