Castello Normanno-Svevo, also known as the Norman-Swabian Castle, stands as a majestic sentinel on the edge of Bari's old town, in the region of Apulia, Italy. This impressive medieval fortress, with its rich and varied history, invites visitors to step back in time and explore the architectural grandeur and historical significance that have shaped its existence over the centuries.
The roots of Castello Normanno-Svevo can be traced back to the Romano-Greek period, with archaeological discoveries suggesting its presence since antiquity. Ancient texts by Horace and Tacitus reference a fortified place in the old Baryum, which might have coincided with the site of the current castle or the Byzantine castrum (Corte del Catapano) in the Basilica of Saint Nicholas of Bari.
The medieval fortification of the castle likely began in 1132 under the orders of the Norman King Roger II. However, in 1156, the residents of Bari, incited by King William the Bad, demolished the structure. By 1233, the castle rose from its ruins when Emperor Frederick II commanded its reconstruction and enhancement, marking the beginning of its Norman-Swabian era.
The castle underwent numerous transformations during the Angevin period, becoming the property of Ferrante of Aragon and later the ducal Sforza family. The Sforzas expanded and perfected the fortress, which eventually came into the possession of Isabella of Aragon. She modified the castle to adapt it to modern defense techniques against firearms, and it later passed to her daughter, Bona Sforza, Queen of Poland, who died there in 1557.
In subsequent years, the castle returned to the Kingdom of Naples and served various purposes, including a prison and a barracks, reflecting its strategic importance throughout history.
Today, Castello Normanno-Svevo is surrounded by ancient moats on three sides, with the northern side once lapped by the sea. Beyond the moats lies the Aragonese-era defensive wall, equipped with large lance-shaped corner bastions. Visitors enter the castle from the south, crossing the bridge over the moats and stepping into the courtyard between the 16th-century bastions and the Swabian keep.
On October 3, 2017, the castle reopened its doors after renovations, unveiling new exhibits and rooms, including the Museum of Plaster Casts. This gallery houses plaster casts of friezes and bas-reliefs from numerous medieval churches in Apulia, offering a fascinating glimpse into the region's artistic heritage.
As you wander through the castle, you can feel the weight of history in its stone walls and ancient corridors. The castle's architecture is a testament to the various eras and rulers that have left their mark on this formidable fortress. The Swabian keep, with its imposing presence, stands as a symbol of the castle's resilience and strength.
The castle's interior offers a journey through time, with rooms and halls that have witnessed countless historical events. The Great Hall, once a place of grand ceremonies and gatherings, now echoes with the stories of the past. The castle's strategic location provided a vantage point for defense and surveillance, and the views from its towers and walls offer a panoramic glimpse of Bari and the surrounding landscape.
A highlight of the castle is the Museum of Plaster Casts, which showcases an impressive collection of plaster reproductions of medieval friezes and bas-reliefs. These casts, taken from various churches in Apulia, provide a unique insight into the region's rich artistic and cultural history. The museum's exhibits are a testament to the craftsmanship and creativity of medieval artists, and they offer a tangible connection to the past.
Visiting Castello Normanno-Svevo is not just a journey through history; it's an experience that engages all the senses. The castle's robust architecture, with its thick walls and fortified towers, evokes a sense of awe and admiration. The cool, dimly lit interiors contrast with the bright, sunlit courtyards, creating a dynamic and immersive atmosphere.
The castle's location on the edge of Bari's old town makes it an ideal starting point for exploring the city's rich heritage. After touring the castle, visitors can stroll through the narrow streets of the old town, discovering charming shops, cafes, and historical sites. The castle's proximity to the sea adds to its allure, offering stunning views and a refreshing sea breeze.
In conclusion, Castello Normanno-Svevo is more than just a historical monument; it's a living testament to the resilience and ingenuity of the people who built and preserved it. Its walls tell stories of conquest and survival, of art and architecture, and of the enduring spirit of Bari. A visit to this magnificent fortress is a journey through time, offering a deeper understanding of the region's rich history and cultural heritage.
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