Fort des Basses Perches

Fort des Basses Perches, nestled in the picturesque landscape of Belfort, France, is a hidden gem waiting to be discovered by history enthusiasts and curious travelers alike. This remarkable fortification, with its rich history and unique architectural features, offers a fascinating glimpse into France's military past and the strategic importance of the Belfort region.

The History of Fort des Basses Perches

Fort des Basses Perches, originally constructed in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War, stands as a testament to France's efforts to bolster its defenses following the devastating conflict. The fort was built between 1874 and 1877 as part of the Système Séré de Rivières, a comprehensive network of fortifications designed to protect France's eastern borders. Situated at an elevation of 425 meters, the fort occupies a strategic position southeast of Belfort, on the territory of the commune of Danjoutin.

The fort's name has an interesting history. Initially known as Fort des Basses Perches, it was briefly renamed Fort Valmy in 1887 after François-Christophe Kellermann, Duke of Valmy, by order of War Minister Georges Boulanger. However, this decision was reversed later that year, and the fort regained its original name.

Exploring Fort des Basses Perches

As you approach Fort des Basses Perches, you'll be struck by its imposing stone walls and the sense of history that permeates the air. The fort is surrounded by a dry moat, a common defensive feature of the time, and access is gained via a drawbridge leading to the Place d'armes, a bastion designed to defend the fort's entrance. The fort's architecture, characterized by its sturdy masonry, reflects the military engineering techniques of the late 19th century.

One of the most intriguing aspects of Fort des Basses Perches is its lack of armored components. The fort's artillery pieces were positioned openly on the ramparts, protected only by breastworks and hollow traverses. Despite this, the fort's design incorporated innovative features for its time, such as double counterscarp galleries to secure the front and flank ditches. These galleries were accessed through posterns beneath the moat, adding an extra layer of defense.

The Armament of Fort des Basses Perches

Fort des Basses Perches was equipped with an impressive array of artillery pieces, reflecting the evolving nature of military technology during its operational years. In 1879, the fort's armament included four 155mm long guns, nine 138mm guns, four 120mm guns, two 220mm mortars, and a variety of other weapons. Over the years, the fort's armament was updated to include more modern pieces, such as the 40mm Hotchkiss revolver cannons and casemate guns.

The fort's garrison consisted of two officers, four non-commissioned officers, and 176 soldiers. It had the capacity to store 24.3 tons of black powder and 4,078 shells for its 138mm guns. The fort's water supply was ensured by a well and a cistern with a capacity of 208 cubic meters, while communication with neighboring forts was maintained through an electric telegraph system.

The Role of Fort des Basses Perches in History

Despite its formidable defenses, Fort des Basses Perches never saw combat. It remained largely unchanged throughout its history, offering a rare glimpse into the original state of Séré de Rivières fortifications. During World War I, a concrete observation post was added to one of the hollow traverses, but no significant modernizations were undertaken.

The fort was eventually abandoned during World War II and fell into disuse. In 1999, the commune of Danjoutin acquired the fort, and since then, efforts have been made to preserve and restore this historic site. Today, visitors can explore the fort during the annual Heritage Day, when it opens its doors to the public.

Visiting Fort des Basses Perches

For those interested in military history and architecture, a visit to Fort des Basses Perches is a must. As you wander through its corridors and courtyards, you'll be transported back in time to an era when fortifications like this played a crucial role in national defense. The fort's well-preserved state offers a unique opportunity to see firsthand the design and construction techniques of the Séré de Rivières system.

Beyond its historical significance, the fort's location provides stunning views of the surrounding countryside, making it a perfect spot for photography and contemplation. Whether you're a history buff, a military enthusiast, or simply someone looking for an off-the-beaten-path adventure, Fort des Basses Perches promises an unforgettable experience.

In conclusion, Fort des Basses Perches stands as a silent sentinel, guarding the memories of a bygone era. Its walls, though weathered by time, continue to tell the story of France's determination to protect its borders and preserve its heritage. A visit to this remarkable fort is not just a journey into the past but a celebration of the resilience and ingenuity of those who built and manned it. So, the next time you find yourself in Belfort, take a detour to Fort des Basses Perches and let its history unfold before your eyes.