Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'Archéologie de Besançon

The Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'Archéologie de Besançon is a treasure trove of art and history nestled in the heart of Besançon, France. Established in 1694, it proudly holds the title of the oldest public museum in the country, predating even the illustrious Louvre. This venerable institution is located in the city's former grain hall, a structure designed by the architect Pierre Marnotte, and stands as a testament to centuries of cultural and historical accumulation.

A Journey Through Time

The museum's origins can be traced back to the generous bequest of the Abbé Boisot, who in 1694 donated his extensive collection to the Benedictine convent of Saint-Vincent. This collection, which included manuscripts, printed books, coins, paintings, and busts from the Granvelle family, laid the foundation for what would become the Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'Archéologie de Besançon. Over the centuries, the museum's holdings have been significantly enriched by further donations and acquisitions, making it a repository of invaluable artifacts and artworks.

The Building

Situated at 1, Place de la Révolution, the museum occupies a building that was originally constructed to serve as a new grain hall for the city. The construction of this edifice began in July 1834 and was completed in 1842. Designed by Pierre Marnotte, a local architect, the building's interior was finished by his successor, Alphonse Delacroix. The museum moved into the building in 1843, sharing space with the city's School of Fine Arts and a concert hall. As the museum's collection grew, it eventually took over the entire building by the end of the 19th century.

Archaeological Wonders

The museum's archaeological collection is a fascinating journey through time, spanning from the prehistoric era to the medieval period. The Egyptian collection is particularly noteworthy, featuring mummies such as those of Séramon, a royal scribe of the 21st dynasty, and Ânkhpakhéred, a draftsman from the 26th dynasty. Visitors can also marvel at statuettes of gods and other artifacts.

The Gallo-Roman collection is another highlight, showcasing mosaics like the Neptune and Medusa mosaics discovered in Besançon, as well as the bronze statue of the three-horned bull from Avrigney, a remarkable example of Gallo-Roman religious art. The medieval collection includes statues, stone sarcophagi, and reliquaries that offer a glimpse into the spiritual and artistic life of the period.

Beaux-Arts Collection

The museum's fine arts collection is a rich tapestry of European art from the 14th to the 20th centuries. The Northern European schools are well represented, with works by artists such as Bernard van Orley, Lucas Cranach the Elder, Hans Baldung, Peter Paul Rubens, and Jacob Jordaens. These masterpieces provide a comprehensive overview of the artistic movements and styles that flourished in Flanders, Germany, and the Netherlands.

Italian art is another cornerstone of the museum's collection, with pieces from the Renaissance to the 18th century. Highlights include Giovanni Bellini's The Drunkenness of Noah, Bronzino's monumental altarpiece The Lamentation over the Dead Christ, and works by Titian, Tintoretto, and Tiepolo. These works illustrate the evolution of Italian art and its profound influence on European culture.

The Spanish and English sections are equally impressive, featuring works by Francisco de Zurbarán, Francisco Goya, and Thomas Lawrence. French art is also well represented, with pieces by François Clouet, Georges de La Tour, Simon Vouet, Hyacinthe Rigaud, François Boucher, Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Jacques-Louis David, and Gustave Courbet, among others. The collection spans several centuries and offers a comprehensive overview of the development of French art.

Sculptures and Drawings

The museum's sculpture collection includes works from the Middle Ages to the 19th century, featuring pieces by Auguste Rodin, Pierre-Étienne Monnot, and Jules Dalou. A notable highlight is the original plaster bust of Helvetia by Gustave Courbet, a tribute to the Swiss town of La Tour-de-Peilz.

The museum also boasts an extensive collection of drawings, with over 5,500 works by artists such as Albrecht Dürer, Peter Paul Rubens, Nicolas Poussin, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Eugène Delacroix, and Henri Matisse. This collection offers a unique insight into the creative process and artistic evolution of some of the greatest masters of European art.

Modern Renovations

In recent years, the museum has undergone significant renovations to enhance the visitor experience. From 2015 to 2018, the building was completely renovated and expanded under the direction of local architect Adelfo Scaranello. The newly revamped museum was inaugurated on November 16, 2018, in the presence of the President of the Republic, Emmanuel Macron, and other dignitaries. The renovations have not only improved the museum's infrastructure but also increased its popularity, with over 105,000 visitors recorded by the end of 2019.

The Musée des Beaux-Arts et d'Archéologie de Besançon is more than just a museum; it is a journey through time and art, offering visitors a unique opportunity to explore the rich cultural heritage of Besançon and beyond. Whether you are an art aficionado, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, this museum promises an enriching and unforgettable experience.