Synagogue of Biarritz

The Synagogue of Biarritz, or Synagogue de Biarritz as it is known locally, is a hidden gem nestled in the picturesque town of Biarritz in southwestern France. This historic site, located at 9 rue Pellot, is a testament to the rich Jewish heritage of the region and offers a fascinating glimpse into the cultural tapestry of Biarritz.

The Historical Context

The story of the Synagogue of Biarritz is intertwined with the broader history of the Jewish community in the region. Biarritz's neighboring town, Bayonne, has a storied Jewish past, serving as a refuge for Jews expelled from Spain and Portugal. By the mid-18th century, the Jewish population in the area had grown significantly, with Saint-Esprit-lès-Bayonne becoming a prominent Jewish enclave. Over the centuries, the Jewish population in Bayonne dwindled due to economic migrations and assimilation, but the community's influence remained significant.

In the 19th century, Biarritz transformed from a small fishing port into a fashionable seaside resort, attracting European aristocracy and wealthy bourgeoisie. Among the new residents were many Jewish families, including the influential Poliakov family. By the late 19th century, there were around 300 Jewish vacationers and 100 permanent Jewish residents in Biarritz, necessitating the establishment of a local synagogue.

The Construction of the Synagogue

The construction of the Synagogue of Biarritz was a result of the persistent efforts of the Jewish community. In 1895, the brothers Gabriel and Émile Pereyre from Bayonne proposed building a synagogue on their property. Despite initial resistance from the Bayonne Consistory, the project moved forward with the support of prominent donors, including Madame Furtado-Heine and Lazare Poliakov.

The chosen site, adjacent to the Russian Orthodox Church, was part of the former imperial domain. The synagogue's design was crafted by Bayonne architect Charles Pasquier, who also designed the Biarritz municipal casino. Although Pasquier passed away before the project's completion, the construction was carried out by local contractor M. Naïer, and the synagogue was inaugurated on September 7, 1904.

The inauguration ceremony was a grand affair, attended by notable members of the Bayonne Consistory, Jewish community leaders from Toulouse, Bordeaux, and Paris, and even Catholic guests. The consecration speech was delivered by the Grand Rabbi of Bayonne, Émile Lévy, marking the beginning of the synagogue's role as a spiritual and cultural center for Biarritz's Jewish community.

Architectural Features

The Synagogue of Biarritz is an architectural marvel, blending traditional design elements with unique features. The façade is characterized by its three-part structure, with a central entrance flanked by two narrow sections. Above the entrance, a large tripled window is topped by a magnificent rose window, featuring a Star of David at its center. The triangular pediment is adorned with the Tablets of the Law, symbolizing the synagogue's religious significance.

Inside, the synagogue boasts a rectangular sanctuary surrounded by a wooden gallery for women. The focal point is the Holy Ark, framed by two columns with leaf capitals and topped by a broken pediment bearing the Tablets of the Law. The Ark and some of the furnishings were sourced from the now-demolished synagogue in Peyrehorade, adding a layer of historical continuity to the site.

Renovation and Revival

Despite its initial success, the Synagogue of Biarritz faced challenges in the late 20th century. Safety concerns led to its closure in 1995, and it remained shut for nearly two decades. However, a dedicated restoration effort began in 2008, spearheaded by the association Vie Juive à Biarritz. The exterior renovations were completed by 2008, and by the summer of 2012, the synagogue partially reopened for worship.

Today, the Synagogue of Biarritz is once again a vibrant center for Jewish life in the region. During the summer months, it hosts Shabbat services and holiday celebrations, drawing both local residents and visitors. The community continues to raise funds for the ongoing restoration of the synagogue's interior, ensuring that this historic site remains a beacon of Jewish heritage in Biarritz.

Visiting the Synagogue of Biarritz

For visitors to Biarritz, the Synagogue of Biarritz offers a unique opportunity to explore the town's diverse cultural history. The synagogue's striking architecture and rich history make it a must-visit destination for those interested in religious heritage and architectural beauty. While in Biarritz, take the time to stroll through the charming streets, enjoy the stunning coastal views, and immerse yourself in the town's vibrant blend of cultures.

In conclusion, the Synagogue of Biarritz is more than just a place of worship; it is a symbol of the enduring spirit of the Jewish community in Biarritz. Its walls tell the story of a community that has faced challenges and triumphs, and its continued restoration is a testament to the dedication of those who cherish its legacy. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply a curious traveler, the Synagogue of Biarritz is a destination that promises to inspire and captivate.