Church of El Salvador, Burriana

Nestled in the heart of Burriana, the Church of El Salvador, known locally as Iglesia de El Salvador, stands as a testament to centuries of history, architectural evolution, and cultural significance. This grand basilica, located in the Plaza Mayor, is not just a place of worship but a monumental symbol of the region's rich heritage.

The Historical Journey of the Church of El Salvador

The origins of the Church of El Salvador date back to the late 13th century, following the Christian conquest of the region. Initially constructed in a primitive Gothic style, the church was a commemorative and propagandistic temple, symbolizing the new political power established by King James I of Aragon. The church's construction was initiated by Domingo Beltall, a prominent figure of the time, and continued under the patronage of his brother, Berenguer de Belltall.

While sources traditionally claim that the church was consecrated in 1286, recent research suggests that its significant construction phase occurred during the reign of James II, between 1291 and 1327. The church's history is marked by a series of renovations and reconstructions, reflecting the evolving architectural styles and the socio-political changes of the times.

In the late 17th century, the church underwent a major transformation, adopting the Baroque style. This renovation included the demolition of the original Gothic nave to make way for new chapels, while the apse and its five chapels were preserved, albeit with Baroque ornamentation. The 19th century saw further expansion of the nave, connecting the church to the previously detached bell tower.

The 20th century brought restoration efforts, particularly after the Spanish Civil War, which had caused significant damage to the church. The bell tower was reconstructed, and efforts were made to restore the Gothic style of the apse. The church was designated as a cultural heritage site in 1969 and received the title of minor basilica on May 17, 2013.

Architectural Marvels of the Church

The Church of El Salvador is a single-nave structure with chapels nestled between its buttresses and a polygonal apse with five chapels. The apse, covered with a ribbed vault, showcases the church's original Gothic elements, while the nave and lateral chapels retain their Baroque coverings. The church's facade features two notable portals relocated during the 19th-century expansion. The main portal, dating back to 1696, is a Tuscan order design with pilasters and a city crest-adorned cornice. The portal of the Communion Chapel, from 1762, is a three-tiered Baroque masterpiece with intricate figurative motifs.

The church also boasts two bell towers, each with its own historical significance. The Templat bell tower, constructed in the second half of the 14th century, served both as a fortified tower and a communication point. The bell tower known as the Crist ratat, with its two bell chambers, is reminiscent of the bell tower of the Church of El Salvador in Valencia.

Inside, the church's chapels are adorned with Baroque decorations, while the apse has been restored to its Gothic splendor. The Communion Chapel, built in the 18th century, features a Greek cross plan inscribed within a square and is topped with a dome and lantern.

A Hub of Civil and Religious Life

Beyond its religious significance, the Church of El Salvador has played a crucial role in the political and civil life of Burriana. It served as the venue for the Corts, the regional parliamentary assembly, and was the site of important civil transactions, such as the purchase of salt by the town of Onda in 1292. The church also hosted royal receptions, including the visit of King Peter IV of Aragon, who was welcomed with a grand Te Deum ceremony.

The church's significance extends to its role as a fortress during the turbulent times of the 13th century. Burriana, being a frontier town surrounded by Islamic settlements, required fortified structures for protection. The church's twin fortified towers and merlon-protected passageway reflect its dual role as a place of worship and a defensive stronghold.

Restoration and Modern-Day Significance

The 20th and 21st centuries have seen ongoing restoration efforts to preserve the church's historical and architectural integrity. The post-Civil War reconstruction included the rebuilding of the bell tower and the restoration of the apse's Gothic windows, inspired by the Monastery of Benifassà. The church's 21st-century restoration phases have focused on the roof of the apse and the addition of a new sacristy, ensuring that this historical monument continues to stand as a beacon of Burriana's rich cultural heritage.

Today, the Church of El Salvador is not only a place of worship but also a cultural landmark that attracts visitors from near and far. Its majestic architecture, historical significance, and the stories embedded within its walls make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the region. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or a curious traveler, the Church of El Salvador offers a captivating glimpse into the past and a serene space for reflection in the present.