Castle of Bragança

In the heart of the Trás-os-Montes region of northeastern Portugal, the Castle of Bragança (locally known as Castelo de Bragança) stands as a monument of historical grandeur and architectural brilliance. Nestled in the historic city of Bragança, this medieval fortress is one of Portugal's most well-preserved castles, offering visitors a glimpse into the country's rich past and stunning views of the surrounding landscapes, including the Montesinho and Sanábria mountains to the north and the Nogueira mountains to the west.

The Rich History of the Castle of Bragança

The origins of the Castle of Bragança date back to the Neolithic period when the area was first occupied by early settlers who established a hill fort. This fortification was later enhanced during the Roman occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, serving as a strategic defense point along the Roman road that traversed the region. The site underwent further transformations during the barbarian invasions and was eventually taken over by the Moors, who left their mark before it was destroyed in the Christian Reconquista.

By the mid-10th century, the region of Bragança was under the control of Count Paio Gonçalves, brother of Hermenegildo Gonçalves, who was instrumental in repopulating the nearby area of Guimarães. The strategic importance of Bragança prompted King Sancho I to grant it a charter in 1187, leading to the construction of the first fortified walls in 1188. The castle's significance grew, and under King Dinis, a second perimeter of walls was erected in 1293, highlighting the town's prosperity and strategic importance.

Exploring the Castle of Bragança

Visitors entering the Castle of Bragança are immediately struck by its imposing walls, which stretch over a perimeter of 660 meters and are reinforced by fifteen towers. The castle's oval-shaped layout encompasses an area of approximately three hectares, housing several historical buildings and landmarks that offer a fascinating journey through time.

One of the castle's most prominent features is the Torre de Menagem, or the keep, which stands 34 meters tall and 17 meters wide. Constructed from local schist and granite, this formidable tower served as the castle's primary defense and includes a dungeon and a cistern within its walls. Originally accessed by a drawbridge, the tower now features an external stone staircase leading to its entrance. The top of the tower is adorned with crenellations, machicolations, and four cylindrical turrets at its corners, offering panoramic views of the surrounding countryside.

Architectural Marvels Within the Castle

Within the castle walls, visitors can explore the Domus Municipalis, a unique example of Romanesque civil architecture in Portugal. This intriguing building is believed to have originally served as a cistern and later as a meeting hall for the town's council. Nearby, the Church of Santa Maria, also known as the Church of Nossa Senhora do Sardão, stands as a testament to the region's religious heritage.

The castle's main entrance, the Porta de Santo António, is a striking feature, flanked by two towers and protected by a barbican. Inside the castle grounds, the Praça de Armas, or parade ground, reveals adaptations made for artillery use, reflecting the castle's evolving role in military defense over the centuries.

The Legend of the Princess Tower

One of the most captivating stories associated with the Castle of Bragança is the legend of the Torre da Princesa, or Princess Tower. According to local tradition, a beautiful princess once lived in the castle with her uncle, the lord of the fortress. She fell in love with a noble but impoverished knight who left to seek his fortune, promising to return when he was worthy of her hand. During his absence, the princess refused all other suitors, remaining faithful to her true love. The tower, which served as the residence of the castle's governor, is steeped in tales of love and loyalty, adding a romantic allure to the castle's history.

The Castle's Role in Portuguese History

Throughout its history, the Castle of Bragança played a crucial role in various conflicts and power struggles. During the 14th century, it was a focal point in the disputes between King Afonso IV and his illegitimate brother, Afonso Sanches. The castle's fortifications were further strengthened under King John I, who modernized its defenses in the early 15th century. The marriage of John I's illegitimate son, Afonso, to Beatriz Pereira de Alvim marked the beginning of the House of Bragança, one of Portugal's most influential noble families.

In the 17th century, during the Portuguese Restoration War, the castle's walls were adapted to accommodate artillery, resulting in the loss of several battlements. The castle also endured damage during the Spanish invasion of 1762 and the Napoleonic Wars in the early 19th century. Extensive restoration work in the 20th century, led by the Directorate-General for National Buildings and Monuments, preserved the castle's historical integrity and reinstated its medieval charm.

A Modern-Day Visit to the Castle

Today, the Castle of Bragança is a popular tourist destination, offering visitors a chance to explore its well-preserved structures and learn about its storied past. The castle's historical-military museum, housed in the Torre de Menagem, showcases a collection of artifacts and exhibits that provide insights into the region's military history. The museum is one of the most visited in Portugal, attracting history enthusiasts from around the world.

As you wander through the castle's ancient corridors and climb its towering battlements, you can't help but feel a sense of awe at the architectural prowess and historical significance of this remarkable fortress. The Castle of Bragança stands as a testament to Portugal's rich heritage, offering a captivating glimpse into the past and a memorable experience for all who visit.