Nestled in the heart of Cagliari, the Botanical Garden of Cagliari, known locally as Orto botanico di Cagliari, offers a lush sanctuary away from the city's hustle and bustle. This verdant oasis, managed by the University of Cagliari, spans five hectares and is a testament to both the natural beauty and rich history of Sardinia.
The journey to establish a botanical garden in Cagliari began in the mid-18th century, with initial efforts taking place in the Villanova district, then known as Su Campu de Su Rei. However, it wasn't until 1820 that the current location was chosen in the picturesque valley of Palabanda, nestled between the Roman amphitheater and the Villa of Tigellio. The garden's development was spearheaded by Professor Giovanni Meloni Baylle, with significant support from Minister Giovanni Lanza. The transformation of this once-neglected area, previously used as a landfill, began in 1864, culminating in its grand opening on November 15, 1866, under the guidance of renowned botanist Patrizio Gennari.
By 1874, the garden had already begun to thrive, boasting a collection of 193 different plant species. In 1885, it started hosting an Index Seminum, a catalog for the exchange and classification of seeds, marking its importance in the botanical community. By the early 20th century, the garden was home to 400 acclimated plants from diverse regions, including the West Indies, Southern America, and various parts of Africa and Asia.
The Botanical Garden of Cagliari is a treasure trove of plant species, showcasing the rich biodiversity of Sardinia and the Mediterranean. Visitors can marvel at the towering Ceratonia siliqua, Pinus halepensis, and the majestic Ficus magnolioides. The garden also features a palm grove with numerous species, a collection of approximately 1,000 succulent plants, and rocky areas adorned with Agave, Yucca, Aloe, and Dracaena draco.
Strolling through the garden, you'll encounter serene ponds with Nymphaea, Nelumbo, and papyrus, offering a tranquil escape into nature. The garden's design reflects a harmonious blend of native Sardinian flora and exotic plants, providing an educational and visually captivating experience.
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Beyond its botanical allure, the garden is also home to fascinating archaeological remnants from the pre-Roman and Roman periods. Among these are the Roman well, known as the libarium, which once quenched the thirst of actors performing in the nearby amphitheater, and the Gennari cave, a Roman calidarium. Visitors can also explore a Roman cistern and a section of the ancient aqueduct that once brought water to the city from Villamassargia.
The garden's history has not been without challenges. During World War II, it served as a base for a cavalry battalion and suffered bombing in early 1943. Fortunately, the library and herbarium were preserved, having been moved to a deconsecrated church in Ghilarza. Post-war, the garden underwent extensive restoration, gradually regaining its former glory through years of dedicated effort.
In the early 1980s, despite its recovery, the diversity of species remained limited. However, ongoing efforts have since revitalized the garden, making it a vibrant hub for both botanical research and public enjoyment.
A visit to the Botanical Garden of Cagliari is a must for nature enthusiasts and history buffs alike. Whether you're wandering through its diverse plant collections, exploring its archaeological sites, or simply enjoying the peaceful ambiance, the garden offers a unique glimpse into the natural and cultural heritage of Sardinia.
As you plan your trip, consider timing your visit to coincide with one of the garden's guided tours or educational programs, which provide deeper insights into its botanical and historical significance. Whether you're a local resident or a traveler exploring Cagliari, the Botanical Garden of Cagliari is a place where the beauty of nature and the echoes of history come together to create an unforgettable experience.
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