Belfry of Cambrai

The Belfry of Cambrai, known locally as the Beffroi de Cambrai, stands as a majestic sentinel over the charming town of Cambrai in the Nord department of France. This towering structure, with its rich tapestry of history and architectural splendor, is a testament to the town’s resilience and cultural heritage. The Belfry of Cambrai is not just a historical monument; it is a symbol of communal liberty and pride, echoing the tales of the past through its stone walls and lofty heights.

The Historical Significance of the Belfry of Cambrai

The origins of the Belfry of Cambrai trace back to the 11th century, a period marked by tumultuous events and fierce struggles for freedom. The first mention of a belfry in Cambrai dates to 1095 when Bishop Manassès ordered its destruction. The belfry was rebuilt in 1207, only to face demolition again under the orders of Emperor Henry. These cycles of construction and destruction are reflective of the turbulent history of communal revolts in Cambrai.

In 1395, Cambrai finally secured the right to possess a belfry from Emperor Wenceslas. The current belfry, which began its role as the bell tower of Saint Martin's Church from the 16th century, has withstood the test of time. The church itself was destroyed during the French Revolution, but the belfry was spared. Constructed in Gothic style between 1447 and 1474, it originally soared to a height of nearly 57 meters. Despite being damaged by lightning in 1528 and during the siege of 1595, the belfry underwent reconstruction and reached its current height of approximately 62 meters by 1736.

The 1920 Fire

The Belfry of Cambrai has witnessed numerous historical events, including the dramatic fire of 1920. During World War I, as the Allied forces advanced, the retreating German troops threw the large bell from the belfry, intending to melt it down. Miraculously, despite the significant fall, the bell did not break. It was later found in Brussels and returned to Cambrai after the Armistice.

In 1920, during the celebrations marking the return of the bell, a fire broke out on the upper platform of the belfry. The fire brigade, alerted by the tolling of the tocsin, could not extinguish the flames as their hoses could not reach the height of over 60 meters. The following day, the large bell crashed to the ground, resulting in a significant crack. The bell was recast and rang again on July 14, 1921, to celebrate Bastille Day. The belfry itself was repaired, retaining its traditional silhouette, and the four corner statues were replaced with new sculptures by Marcel Gaumont, a Grand Prix de Rome laureate.

The Gallus Watchmen

The institution of the watchmen, known as Gallus, dates back several centuries. By 1400, the belfry already had a watchman, and by 1681, there were four. These vigilant sentinels, known locally as Gallus (from the Latin gallus, meaning rooster, a symbol of vigilance), played a crucial role in the town's safety. They announced the arrival of enemy troops, alerted the population in case of fire, and marked the hours and half-hours on the belfry bell. The last known Gallus, Messrs. Saliege and Caudron, continued this medieval tradition until 1934 when the bells were electrified.

Architectural Marvel

The Belfry of Cambrai is an architectural marvel, blending Gothic and Baroque elements. The original twisted spire was replaced in the 18th century by a dome topped with a lantern, giving the belfry its distinctive silhouette. The four corner statues, added in 1922, represent significant figures from the town's history: a Frankish warrior, a soldier from the communal militia, Louise of Savoy (mother of Francis I), and the Marquis of Cezon, the first royal governor of Cambrai after its annexation to France in 1667.

Unfortunately, due to the condition of the stairs, the belfry is currently closed to the public. However, its imposing presence and historical significance continue to attract visitors and history enthusiasts.

A UNESCO World Heritage Site

In recognition of its historical and cultural importance, the Belfry of Cambrai, along with 22 other belfries in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy regions, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2005. This prestigious designation highlights the belfry's role as a symbol of communal freedom and its architectural significance.

The Belfry of Cambrai stands as a proud testament to the town’s rich history and cultural heritage. Its towering presence and storied past make it an unmissable landmark for anyone visiting Cambrai. As you gaze upon this magnificent structure, you are not just looking at a building; you are witnessing centuries of history, resilience, and communal pride etched in stone.