Collégiale Notre-Dame de Dole

The Collégiale Notre-Dame de Dole, standing majestically in the heart of Dole, Franche-Comté, is an architectural gem that has witnessed centuries of history. This stunning church, with its blend of Gothic and Renaissance styles, is a testament to the region's rich cultural heritage and resilience. Despite its transformation over the years, the church remains a significant landmark, captivating visitors with its grandeur and historical significance.

The History of Collégiale Notre-Dame de Dole

The story of the Collégiale Notre-Dame de Dole begins in the late 13th century when Alix de Méranie, Countess of Burgundy, expressed her desire to transfer the chapter of canons from Poligny to Dole. Although initially opposed by religious authorities, her daughter-in-law, Mahaut d'Artois, succeeded in establishing the church as a collegiate in 1304. The church's history is marked by tumultuous events, including the siege of Dole by King Louis XI of France in 1479, which left the city in ruins. However, the church's resilient spirit shone through as it was rebuilt in the early 16th century, with the first stone laid in 1509 by the Archbishop of Besançon, Antoine de Vergy.

The Collégiale Notre-Dame de Dole was consecrated in 1571, but its journey didn't end there. During the French Revolution, the church was temporarily repurposed as a warehouse and later as a Temple of Reason and the Supreme Being before being restored to its original function as a Roman Catholic church in 1802. The church was designated a historical monument in 1910 and was elevated to the status of a minor basilica in 1951 by the apostolic nuncio Angelo Roncalli, who later became Pope John XXIII.

Architectural Marvels

The Collégiale Notre-Dame de Dole is a masterpiece of architectural ingenuity, reflecting the sobriety and grandeur typical of religious structures in Franche-Comté. The church's imposing presence is accentuated by its fortified bell tower, which stands as a symbol of the city's renaissance and the Comtois liberties following the devastating siege of 1479.

The Tower

The west-facing bell tower, completed in 1596, is a remarkable feature of the church. Originally designed by architect Hugues Sambin, the tower reaches a height of 82 meters, although a severe storm in 1636 reduced its height to 73 meters. Despite this, it remains the tallest tower in Franche-Comté. The grand entrance, crafted from Sampans stone, was completed in 1577 by sculptor Hugues le Rupt, blending Gothic and Renaissance elements.

The Nave

The nave, constructed in the 16th century in a late Gothic style, is 58 meters long and 26 meters high. It features three aisles, with the central aisle illuminated by large windows. The quadripartite vault rests on sturdy cylindrical pillars without capitals, creating a dynamic and spacious interior. The nave's most striking feature is the jubé, a beautifully carved screen by sculptor Denys Le Rupt, which separates the main entrance from the rest of the church. This intricate piece, originally intended to divide the nave and choir, now serves as the organ loft.

Liturgical Furnishings

The church's liturgical furnishings are equally impressive. Highlights include a red marble holy water font and a pulpit from 1556, both sculpted by Denys Le Rupt. Another notable pulpit from the 18th century and a baptismal font also adorn the nave. The baptismal font, made of black marble, is surrounded by a baroque colonnade and a painting depicting the Baptism of Christ, with a golden wooden canopy above.

Decorative Works

The Collégiale Notre-Dame de Dole is home to several remarkable decorative works. The most notable is a series of twelve paintings by Laurent Pécheux, depicting episodes from the life of Christ. These paintings, created between 1753 and 1781, were donated to the church by Abbé Claude Antoine de La Marre and parishioners. Additionally, two statues by Claude-François Attiret, representing Saint John and Saint Andrew, can be found near the Rosary Chapel.

The Organ

The church's grand organ, situated above the main entrance, is a masterpiece of craftsmanship. Constructed between 1750 and 1754 by organ builder Karl-Joseph Riepp, the organ features a classic French design with some German influences. The organ's case, designed by Riepp and crafted by Claude-François Attiret and sculptor Michel Devosge, is adorned with intricate carvings and angelic figures playing musical instruments. The organ's original composition included four manuals and a pedalboard, making it a significant instrument in the region.

The Collégiale Notre-Dame de Dole is more than just a church; it is a living testament to the city's history, resilience, and artistic heritage. Its walls echo the stories of centuries past, inviting visitors to explore and appreciate the beauty and significance of this remarkable landmark. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to the Collégiale Notre-Dame de Dole is an unforgettable journey through time and culture.