Old Dubbo Gaol

Step back in time and immerse yourself in the intriguing and often harrowing history of the Old Dubbo Gaol, a heritage-listed former gaol turned museum and tourist attraction, located at 90 Macquarie Street in Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia. This well-preserved site, with its formidable walls and historic buildings, offers a fascinating glimpse into the penal history of New South Wales from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century.

The History of Old Dubbo Gaol

Old Dubbo Gaol's story begins in the mid-19th century. The original lock-ups built in 1847 and 1862 were replaced by the gaol designed by the NSW Colonial Architect's Office. The construction spanned several decades, with significant contributions by James Atkinson Jnr in 1862-63 and William Bonython Moffatt in 1871 and 1874. Officially opened in 1887, the gaol underwent numerous modifications and expansions over the years, reflecting the evolving needs and architectural styles of the times.

Initially erected on the site of Dubbo's original courthouse, the gaol quickly became an integral part of the town's judicial infrastructure. It served as a local and regional gaol, housing a diverse array of inmates, including infamous criminals like Jackie Underwood, who was hanged in 1901 for his role in the Breelong Incident. The gaol's history is marked by numerous additions and alterations, including the construction of a new stone watch house in 1871, major extensions in the late 1870s, and the addition of a gaoler's residence and women's cells in the mid-1880s.

Exploring the Gaol

Today, the Old Dubbo Gaol stands as a testament to the region's rich history, offering visitors a unique opportunity to explore its well-preserved buildings and learn about the lives of those who were incarcerated within its walls. As you pass through the imposing entrance, you'll be transported back to a time when the gaol was a bustling hub of activity, with inmates, guards, and visitors going about their daily routines.

The gaol's main male cell block features 12 ordinary cells, as well as specialized cells for solitary confinement, a padded cell, and a condemned cell. The female cell block, located nearby, includes two cells, a bathroom, and an exercise yard. The infirmary and kitchen block house a kitchen, infirmary, library, bathroom, and various storerooms and offices, providing a glimpse into the daily operations of the gaol.

The Gallows and Watchtower

One of the most chilling features of the Old Dubbo Gaol is the gallows, which have been re-erected on the site. This stark reminder of the gaol's grim past serves as a poignant reminder of the harsh realities faced by those who were condemned to death. The watchtower, perched above the north-eastern corner of the gaol's high enclosing wall, offers a commanding view of the surrounding area and a glimpse into the lives of the guards who kept a vigilant watch over the inmates.

Architectural Features and Restoration

The Old Dubbo Gaol's buildings are primarily constructed of sandstone, with hipped corrugated iron roofs. The entrance, watchtower, and women's cell block are made of brick, while the infirmary and kitchen feature simple wooden brackets supporting the verandah posts. The gaol's extensive and high enclosing wall, built of Dubbo red-brown bricks in English bond with piers, adds to the site's imposing presence.

Despite its age, the gaol has been well-preserved, thanks to the efforts of the local community and historical society. When the gaol was closed in 1966, plans were made to demolish it and replace it with a multi-storey office block. However, protests led by the Dubbo City Council and local historical society successfully halted these plans, and in 1973, the building was transferred to the city council with the intention of restoring it and creating a tourist attraction. The gaol reopened to the public in 1974 and has since become a popular destination for visitors to Dubbo.

Heritage Significance

The Old Dubbo Gaol is listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register, recognizing its significance as a reminder of the city's origins as a regional center for the judiciary. The gaol's preservation is a testament to the dedication and enthusiasm of the local community, who fought to save it from demolition and ensure its place in Dubbo's history. The gaol's aesthetic significance lies in its well-proportioned and well-constructed buildings, which create an oasis of peace and calm within the bustling modern city.

Visiting Old Dubbo Gaol

A visit to the Old Dubbo Gaol is a must for anyone interested in Australia's penal history and the stories of those who lived and worked within its walls. The gaol offers a range of exhibits and displays, providing insights into the daily lives of inmates, the harsh conditions they endured, and the efforts of the local community to preserve this important piece of history.

Whether you're a history buff, a curious traveler, or simply looking for a unique and educational experience, the Old Dubbo Gaol is sure to leave a lasting impression. So, take a step back in time and explore the fascinating history of this remarkable site, where the past comes alive and the stories of yesteryear echo through its historic walls.