Casa Calvet

Casa Calvet, nestled in the heart of Barcelona’s Eixample district, is a true testament to the genius of Antoni Gaudí. Constructed between 1898 and 1900, this modernist marvel was Gaudí’s first project in the Eixample, designed for the textile manufacturer Pedro Mártir Calvet. The building's unique blend of modernism and baroque elements makes it a fascinating stop for any architecture enthusiast.

The Artistic Brilliance of Gaudí

Casa Calvet stands as a reflection of Gaudí’s artistic maturity. This period, known as his naturalist phase, saw Gaudí drawing inspiration from the organic forms found in nature. The building is a harmonious blend of structural innovation and ornamental creativity. The symmetrical and balanced façade, though more conservative compared to his later works, still showcases Gaudí’s distinctive style. The use of curves, particularly in the upper sections of the façade, and the ornate balconies are quintessentially modernist.

Gaudí’s attention to detail is evident in every aspect of Casa Calvet. The façade is adorned with stone from Montjuic, featuring five openings at the base, with a central balcony on the principal floor. This balcony is particularly noteworthy, decorated with the initials of the owner, a branch of olive (symbolizing peace), a cypress (symbolizing hospitality), and the coat of arms of Catalonia. The balcony is crowned with a sculpted dome featuring two cornucopias and two doves, a beautiful representation of abundance and peace.

Exploring the Façade

The façade of Casa Calvet is a visual feast. The lower part is characterized by a series of columns that resemble spools of thread, a nod to Calvet’s textile business. The balconies are of two types: some barely protrude from the wall, while others are more prominent, trilobed, and supported by brackets. All the balconies feature wrought iron railings with spiral designs ending in volutes, adding a touch of elegance and whimsy.

The upper part of the façade is crowned with trilobed structures, three inverted and two prominent, topped with wrought iron crosses. These inverted structures house busts of Saint Peter Martyr and the patron saints of Calvet’s hometown, San Ginés de Arlés and San Ginés de Roma. Above these, the rooftop railings are designed in the shape of palm leaves, symbolizing martyrdom. The rear façade, though less ornate, features undulating rhythms and small stone balconies, hinting at the forms Gaudí would later use in Casa Milà.

The Interior Splendor

Stepping inside Casa Calvet, visitors are greeted with a reception hall that epitomizes modernist decorativeness. The hall features built-in benches, baroque-style framed mirrors, and a dado of blue tiles with swirling decorations. The central patio is highlighted by granite Solomonic columns and plaster reliefs shaped like vines. The inscription “Fe, patria, amor” (Faith, homeland, love), the motto of the Floral Games, adds a touch of poetic elegance.

The elevator, designed in wood and glass with a wrought iron door, mirrors the design of the staircase railings, which resemble a mesh of concentric circles. Gaudí’s meticulous attention to detail is visible in every element, from door handles and peepholes to knobs and latches. Many of these elements were modeled in clay by Gaudí himself, ensuring ergonomic perfection. The peepholes, shaped like honeycombs, were crafted by Gaudí using his own fingers to create the holes.

Furniture and Fixtures

Gaudí also designed the furniture for Casa Calvet, which was crafted with organic forms and assembled using a dovetail joint system, without nails or screws. The woodworking was executed by the company Casas i Bardés. Today, the furniture from the main salon is preserved in the Gaudí House Museum in Park Güell, offering a glimpse into the architect’s vision for interior spaces.

A Touch of Controversy

Casa Calvet did not come without its share of controversy. The main façade exceeded the height allowed by municipal ordinances. When informed of this, Gaudí, known for his fiery temperament, refused to alter the design and suggested that he would cut the top of the building horizontally along the line dictated by the city council. Fortunately, this drastic measure was never implemented.

Award-Winning Design

In 1900, Casa Calvet was awarded the annual prize for the best building by the Barcelona City Council, the only award Gaudí received during his lifetime. This accolade is a testament to the building’s architectural significance and Gaudí’s innovative vision.

Today, Casa Calvet remains a private property, with the ground floor, formerly the Calvet textile shop, now housing a restaurant. This modernist gem continues to captivate visitors with its intricate details and historical significance, offering a unique window into Gaudí’s early work and the rich architectural heritage of Barcelona.