Nestled in the heart of Normandy, the ancient city of Mediolanum Aulercorum, now known as Évreux, offers a fascinating glimpse into the past. This Gallo-Roman city, founded at the end of the 1st century BC, was once the bustling capital of the Aulerci Eburovices tribe. Today, it stands as a testament to the rich tapestry of history that has unfolded in this region, inviting visitors to step back in time and explore its intriguing ruins and artifacts.
Mediolanum Aulercorum holds a special place in the annals of history, serving as a crucial hub during the Roman Empire. The city’s name, derived from the Latin “mediolanum,” suggests its central location in a plain, possibly indicating a sacred site or a place of gathering. As the capital of the Aulerci Eburovices, it succeeded the earlier settlement of Gisacum, marking a significant shift in regional power during the Iron Age.
The city’s strategic position by the Iton River, a tributary of the Eure, facilitated trade and communication, bolstering its status as a thriving urban center. Its prominence is further underscored by an ancient inscription found during archaeological excavations, dating back to the early 2nd century AD, which highlights Mediolanum Aulercorum as a pivotal location in the Roman province.
Visitors to Évreux can embark on a journey through time by exploring the remnants of this once-great city. The archaeological site reveals a glimpse of the urban planning and architectural prowess of the Romans. The city’s layout, with its streets and buildings, offers insights into the daily lives of its inhabitants.
One of the most captivating aspects of Mediolanum Aulercorum is its necropolis, located at the “Clos au Duc.” This ancient cemetery, in use from the 1st to the 4th century AD, provides a poignant connection to the past. Excavations have uncovered both cremation and inhumation burials, reflecting a shift in funerary practices over the centuries. The necropolis, with its triangular shape, is a testament to the city’s enduring legacy and the cultural influences that shaped its development.
Mediolanum Aulercorum was renowned for its textile production, particularly in the crafting of woolen draperies. This industry flourished under Roman rule, with workshops established within the city. An epigraphic inscription discovered near the Château d'Évreux attests to the presence of fullers, or cloth finishers, who played a vital role in the local economy.
The production of textiles was closely linked to the surrounding pastoral lands, where sheep were raised for their wool. The workshops, equipped with looms and other tools, were often integrated into domestic structures, highlighting the seamless blend of industry and daily life in the city. This thriving trade not only supported the local economy but also connected Mediolanum Aulercorum to broader Roman markets.
Among the most intriguing artifacts from Mediolanum Aulercorum is the epigraphic inscription known as the “inscription of the fullers.” Discovered in the 19th century, this stone tablet provides valuable insights into the city’s social and economic structure. The inscription details the construction of a piscina, or pool, for the exclusive use of the fullers, underscoring the importance of this trade in the local community.
The text, carved into limestone, offers a glimpse into the administrative and civic life of the city. It mentions Publius Suillius, a prominent figure who facilitated the pool’s construction, and highlights the hierarchical nature of Roman society. Such inscriptions served as public communications, informing citizens of important developments and decisions.
Today, the ancient city of Mediolanum Aulercorum beckons history enthusiasts and curious travelers alike. Visitors can explore the archaeological remains and immerse themselves in the stories of a bygone era. The site offers a unique opportunity to witness the interplay of Roman and Gallic cultures, evident in the city’s architecture, artifacts, and urban planning.
For those interested in delving deeper into the region’s history, the local museum in Évreux houses a collection of artifacts from the site, including pottery, tools, and fragments of frescoes. These pieces provide a tangible connection to the past, allowing visitors to appreciate the artistry and craftsmanship of the ancient inhabitants.
In conclusion, Mediolanum Aulercorum is more than just an archaeological site; it is a portal to the past, offering a rich tapestry of history and culture. Its ruins whisper tales of a thriving city that once stood at the crossroads of civilizations, inviting all who visit to uncover its secrets and marvel at its enduring legacy.
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