Faenza Cathedral, or Duomo di Faenza as it is known locally, stands as a beacon of Renaissance architecture in the charming city of Faenza, nestled in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. This magnificent structure, dedicated to Saint Peter Apostle, is not just a place of worship but also a testament to the rich history and artistic heritage of the area.
The story of Faenza Cathedral begins in the late 15th century. Designed by the renowned architect Giuliano da Maiano, construction started in 1474 and extended until 1515. Despite the lengthy construction period, the façade remains unfinished, giving the cathedral a unique and somewhat rugged charm. The cathedral was consecrated in 1581, and in 1948, Pope Pius XII elevated it to the status of a minor basilica.
This is the third cathedral to have been built in Faenza since the establishment of the Diocese. The first, Santa Maria foris portam, served as the cathedral until 743. The second cathedral, whose construction date remains unknown, was located where the current Duomo stands today. This previous structure faced eastwards and was divided into three naves.
As you approach Faenza Cathedral, the first thing you notice is the imposing façade, which is preceded by a broad staircase. The unfinished brickwork gives the exterior a raw, historical feel, while the three arched portals at the base invite you into the sacred space within. Above these portals, the façade features two oculi and a rose window, allowing light to filter into the cathedral's interior. The façade is crowned with a simple triangular pediment topped with an iron cross.
To the right of the main structure, the bell tower rises above the transept. This bell tower, of the vela type, houses three bells, each within its own arch, adding to the cathedral's distinctive silhouette.
Stepping inside Faenza Cathedral is like stepping back in time. The Latin cross plan features three naves separated by round arches resting on Ionic pillars alternating with composite columns. Each side of the nave is lined with eight chapels, each one a treasure trove of Renaissance art and religious artifacts.
The deep apse culminates in a shell-shaped dome, illuminated by five tall windows. Behind the main altar, crafted from polychrome marble, stands the wooden choir from 1513, a masterpiece of Renaissance craftsmanship.
Faenza Cathedral is home to numerous works of art, particularly sculptures from the Renaissance period. One of the most notable is the Chapel of the Blessed Virgin of Graces, which houses a fresco from 1412 depicting Mary breaking arrows, symbolizing protection from danger. This chapel has been a diocesan sanctuary since its inception.
Another highlight is the Chapel of the Crucifix, featuring a wooden crucifix from 1474-1480 attributed to Giovanni Teutonico. Additionally, the cathedral contains the Ark of Saint Terenzio of Imola (1462), the Ark of Saint Savino (1468), and the Ark of Saint Emiliano from the late 15th century. Some of the marble reliefs from these arks are now housed in the Jacquemart-André Museum in Paris.
Among the many paintings, one stands out: a work by Innocenzo da Imola from 1526, depicting the Blessed Virgin with the Christ Child and Saints John the Baptist, Peter, Paul, Joachim, and Anna.
The altar dedicated to the Blessed Virgin of Graces, the patron of Faenza and its diocese, is a focal point of the cathedral. The veneration of this image began in 1412 during a plague, when the Virgin Mary reportedly appeared to a local woman named Giovanna, assuring her that the prayers of the people of Faenza had been answered and the plague would end. This prophecy came true, and the image of the Madonna delle Grazie became a symbol of hope and protection.
The altar, originally located in the Dominican church, was moved to the cathedral in 1760. The central image of the Madonna is surrounded by a glory of seraphim and flanked by red marble columns from France. Above, a broken pediment holds two angels with arrows, the symbol of the confraternity. The altar was crafted by Girolamo Domenico Bertos, a Venetian sculptor residing in Ravenna.
Music lovers will appreciate the Mascioni organ, opus 809, built in 1962. This electric transmission organ features three keyboards of 61 notes each and a concave-radial pedalboard of 32 notes. The main pipes are located on the two choir lofts flanking the presbytery, while the expressive case and console are hidden behind the main altar, adding a harmonious auditory experience to the visual splendor of the cathedral.
In conclusion, Faenza Cathedral is more than just a religious building; it is a repository of history, art, and culture. Its unfinished façade, rich interior, and artistic treasures make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the Emilia-Romagna region. Whether you are an art aficionado, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, Faenza Cathedral offers a deeply enriching experience that will leave you with lasting memories of this beautiful Italian city.
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