Maria Santissima della Croce

Maria Santissima della Croce, also known locally as Chiesa di Maria Santissima della Croce, is a remarkable Catholic church located in the charming town of Francavilla Fontana in the province of Brindisi, Italy. This historic place of worship, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, has been a spiritual and architectural landmark for centuries, drawing visitors and pilgrims alike to its serene and sacred grounds.

The History of Maria Santissima della Croce

The origins of Maria Santissima della Croce trace back to the medieval period, likely the 14th century. Initially, it was believed to be under the care of the Benedictines and the Order of the Knights of St. John. However, some historians argue that it might have started as a chapel associated with the Basilian monastery of the Holy Mother of God, dating back to the 11th century. The church’s rich history is intertwined with legends and miracles, one of which involves Francesco Antonio di Roncio. According to tradition, in 1573, after experiencing a miraculous event at the site, di Roncio decided to expand the church, completing the convent in 1575. This expansion marked the arrival of the Observant Franciscans on October 24th of that year.

The church underwent several transformations over the centuries. In 1592, the Reformed Franciscans replaced the Observants, a change sanctioned by Pope Clement VIII and reaffirmed by Pope Paul V in 1620. Despite financial challenges, including the need to sell silver candlesticks donated by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, the church continued to evolve. By 1687, the architect Brother Nicolo da Lequile had significantly modified the structure, incorporating elements from the 16th century and expanding its capacity to accommodate over forty friars.

Throughout the 18th century, further modifications were made, including the construction of the façade and the bell tower in 1732. The lower choir's floor bears the date 1749, indicating the completion of the entire space, while the choir stalls were finished twenty-five years earlier under the supervision of Provincial Francesco Maria Coreggia from Francavilla. The convent, known from the 17th century as Sanctae Mariae de Cruce, became a hub for theological studies and novitiate training, hosting up to fifty friars by the mid-18th century. Notably, during the Napoleonic era, the convent was not suppressed, unlike many others in the region, due to the mendicant nature of the Franciscan order.

Architectural Highlights

Maria Santissima della Croce boasts a Latin cross plan with three naves. The 16th-century structure is integrated into the transept's arms, with the original façade still visible on the church's west side. The current façade, dating to 1910, showcases Baroque influences, while the bell tower, constructed in 1732, adds to the church's architectural charm.

The interior is a treasure trove of religious art and craftsmanship. The main altar, crafted by Brother Diego da Francavilla and Francesco Maria di Gallipoli, stands as a testament to the artistic skill of its creators. The church is adorned with numerous paintings, including the Martyrs of Japan from 1627 and a poignant Pietà. Baroque altars dedicated to Saint Paschal Baylon, Saint Peter of Alcantara, the Pietà, and the Madonna line the side naves. The statue of Maria Santissima della Croce, located in the right nave, is a focal point of veneration for many pilgrims.

Behind the main altar, visitors can find an array of wooden statues depicting various saints, including Saint Bonaventure, Saint Catherine of Bologna, Saint Francis of Assisi, Saint Clare, Saint James of the Marches, and Saint Louis of Toulouse. At the center is a Byzantine icon of the Madonna della Croce, dating back to the 13th century. Some believe that the cross depicted in the Madonna's hand was added later.

The sacristy houses a 17th-century majolica lavabo and an 18th-century choir. In the refectory, an impressive fresco by Giacomo Moha, depicting the Banquet in the House of Simon the Pharisee, is a notable highlight.

The Convent

Adjacent to the church is the convent, which is built around a central cloister. The ground floor is dedicated to service areas, while the upper floors contain cells and a pavilion-vaulted library, historically used for theological studies and novitiate training.

Maria Santissima della Croce is not just a place of worship but a beacon of history, art, and spirituality. Its rich past, architectural beauty, and serene atmosphere make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring Francavilla Fontana. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an art lover, or a spiritual seeker, this church offers a unique and enriching experience that will leave a lasting impression.