Hohenburg Castle, known locally as Burgruine Hohenburg, is a captivating historical site nestled in the picturesque town of Homburg, Saarland, Germany. Perched atop the 324.6-meter-high Schlossberg, this medieval fortress offers a fascinating glimpse into the region's rich history and architectural evolution. The castle's ruins, surrounded by lush greenery, beckon visitors to explore its storied past and enjoy the serene beauty of its natural surroundings.
The origins of Hohenburg Castle date back to the 12th century when it served as the seat of the Counts of Homburg. The castle's strategic location on Schlossberg made it a formidable stronghold, overseeing the town below. In 1330, the Counts of Homburg were granted city rights by Ludwig the Bavarian, further cementing the castle's significance in the region.
Following the death of the last Count of Homburg in 1449, the castle and town were inherited by the Counts of Nassau-Saarbrücken. During the second half of the 16th century, the castle underwent significant transformations, being remodeled into a Renaissance palace and later fortified into a stronghold. These renovations were indicative of the changing architectural styles and the need for enhanced defenses during that period.
In 1679, the castle fell into the hands of French King Louis XIV. Under the guidance of his renowned military engineer, Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, the fortress was expanded, and the town's fortifications were strengthened. The remnants of these fortifications still shape the old town of Homburg today. Despite these enhancements, the castle's fortifications were partially dismantled in 1697 and finally in 1714.
By 1755, the ruins of Hohenburg Castle came under the ownership of the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken. The once-majestic structure was subsequently used as a quarry for building materials, particularly for the construction of Karlsberg Castle. It wasn't until 1981 that efforts were made to excavate and partially restore the castle, allowing visitors to appreciate its historical significance once more.
As you wander through the ruins of Hohenburg Castle, you'll find yourself transported back in time. The medieval castle was originally arranged around a rock formation known as the Großer Teller. Historical descriptions from 1347 suggest the presence of an upper castle with residential buildings and a lower castle with utility structures, including a chapel.
By the late 15th century, the castle retained much of its medieval character. It featured an upper castle with buildings surrounding a courtyard on the Großer Teller, a lower castle with utility buildings and stables, at least one tower, and an outer defensive wall of unknown extent.
In 1559, records mention a New Building or New Chancellery, a stable, a wall with battlements, a carpentry workshop, a gate with a new gatehouse, and an official residence. A floor plan sketch from this period reveals six different bastions and a ravelin to the east, facilitating access to the castle. The sketch also names various structures, including an old armory, a new building, a large armory, and a rampart. Within the core castle, you can find a church, a hall building, a horse mill, and a marketender's house, along with another armory and a kraut mill.
When the French took over Hohenburg Castle in 1679, it was in a state of disrepair. Vauban's expertise transformed it into a modern fortress, more than doubling its size. During this period, the castle was known as Hombourg-la-Forteresse. It is believed that the extensive system of Schlossberg caves, used for storage and escape purposes, was developed during this time.
The surviving remnants of Hohenburg Castle predominantly date back to the French expansions. The vast castle grounds measure approximately 230 meters in length and 50-70 meters in width. Visitors can still explore the foundational walls, passages, some wall sections, ramparts, ditches, a well, staircases, and several casemates. The pillars of the former drawbridge are also still visible, adding to the site's historical allure.
The lineage of the Counts of Homburg began with Count Dietrich of Hüneburg, who inherited the nearby Merburg around 1120 and relocated his seat of power to Schlossberg, where he either built or expanded Hohenburg Castle. His descendants, including notable figures such as Friedrich, Dietrich II, and Ludwig, played significant roles in the region's history. The last Count of Homburg, Johann, died in 1449 without a male heir, leading to the transfer of the castle to the Counts of Nassau-Saarbrücken.
Today, Hohenburg Castle stands as a testament to the region's rich history and architectural heritage. Visitors can explore the ruins, imagining the grandeur of the past while enjoying the tranquil beauty of the surrounding landscape. The castle's elevated position on Schlossberg offers stunning views of the town of Homburg and the surrounding countryside, making it a perfect destination for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
Whether you're a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or simply seeking a peaceful retreat, Hohenburg Castle promises a memorable experience. Its ruins, intertwined with nature, tell the story of a bygone era, inviting visitors to uncover the secrets of this remarkable fortress. So, take a step back in time and immerse yourself in the captivating history of Hohenburg Castle – a true gem in the heart of Saarland.
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