First National Bank

The First National Bank in Huntsville, Alabama, stands as a testament to the rich history and architectural grandeur that has graced the city since the early 19th century. Nestled on the west side of Courthouse Square, this historic building overlooks the serene Big Spring and Big Spring Park, offering a glimpse into the vibrant past of Huntsville. Designed by the renowned local architect George Steele, the bank's Greek Revival architecture draws visitors with its timeless elegance and fascinating stories.

The Historical Significance of the First National Bank

The First National Bank's story begins in the early 1800s, on land where John Hunt, the founder of Huntsville, built his cabin in 1805. The area quickly became a hub of economic activity, with the Planters and Merchants Bank opening in 1817. Despite its promising start, the bank faced financial difficulties and was eventually dissolved. Rising from these ashes, the First National Bank was constructed in 1835-1836, becoming a symbol of resilience and prosperity.

This building wasn't just a financial institution; it was a witness to the ebbs and flows of Huntsville's fortunes. During the Civil War, the bank building served as a commissary for Union troops. After the war, it became the National Bank of Huntsville, safeguarding assets hidden from Union forces. In 1889, it was renamed the First National Bank of Huntsville, continuing its legacy of service until 2010.

Architectural Marvel of Greek Revival Design

The First National Bank is a striking example of Greek Revival architecture, a style that was gaining popularity in the United States during the 19th century. George Steele, the architect, drew inspiration from his travels to Washington, D.C., and Charlottesville, Virginia, incorporating elements reminiscent of the Bank of Pennsylvania and the First Bank of the United States in Philadelphia.

The building features a hexastyle portico with Ionic columns, constructed from locally quarried limestone. These columns support a plain entablature, adorned with the bank's name. The grand entrance is marked by 15-foot tall red cedar double doors, flanked by smaller doors that lead into front offices. The structure's façade and sides boast sash windows, adding to its classical charm.

Exploring the Interior and Its Historical Layers

Stepping inside the First National Bank, visitors are greeted by a vestibule flanked by two offices, leading into the main lobby. The lobby is dominated by a mahogany tellers' desk, echoing the building's exterior design with its columns and entablature. Behind the desk lies the bank vault, flanked by the tellers' room and the director's room, complete with a fireplace mantel that mirrors the Ionic pilasters outside.

The second floor once served as living quarters for the bank's cashier, a requirement of the time. This blend of residential and commercial space speaks to the building's multifaceted role throughout history. The rear of the building houses a two-story wing, initially used as slave quarters, reminding visitors of the complex and often painful history of the era.

The Bank's Role in Huntsville's Economic Evolution

The First National Bank played a pivotal role in Huntsville's economic development. During the land rush known as Alabama Fever, the availability of credit from banks like this one fueled growth and prosperity. However, the Panic of 1837 brought financial challenges, highlighting the bank's resilience and adaptability in the face of adversity.

Throughout its history, the bank evolved alongside Huntsville, merging with the Exchange Security Bank of Birmingham in 1971 to form the First Alabama Bank, later becoming Regions Bank. This evolution reflects the broader economic trends and transformations that have shaped the region over the decades.

A Modern Legacy in a Historic Setting

Though Regions Bank relocated in 2010, the First National Bank building continues to captivate residents and visitors alike. Its inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 ensures that its story and architectural beauty are preserved for future generations.

Today, the building stands as a symbol of Huntsville's rich history and enduring spirit. Its prominent location on Courthouse Square makes it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and architecture aficionados. As you explore this iconic landmark, you'll find yourself transported back in time, experiencing the stories and events that have shaped Huntsville's vibrant past.

In conclusion, the First National Bank in Huntsville is not just a building; it's a living monument to the city's history, resilience, and architectural heritage. Its walls echo with tales of economic triumphs and challenges, while its design continues to inspire awe and admiration. A visit to this historic bank is a journey through time, offering insights into the people and events that have defined Huntsville's legacy.