San Floriano

San Floriano, or Chiesa di San Floriano, stands proudly in the heart of Jesi, Italy, a testament to the city’s rich historical tapestry and architectural evolution. This former church, now transformed into the Teatro Studio Valeria Moriconi, is not just a building but a narrative of centuries, reflecting the religious, cultural, and social dynamics of the region.

The Historical Significance of San Floriano

San Floriano's story begins in the depths of history, on the very grounds that once housed a Roman forum. The site is believed to have held a temple dating back to Roman times, which later evolved into a place of Christian worship. Initially dedicated to San Giorgio, the church was reoriented and rededicated to San Floriano in the 12th century, aligning with the burgeoning identity of Jesi as a free commune.

The church gained prominence as the official temple of the Respublica Æsina, hosting significant public and religious ceremonies. The most notable of these was the Presentation of the Palio of San Floriano, an annual event that symbolized the allegiance and submission of the surrounding castles to the city of Jesi. This tradition, which began in the mid-1200s, continued until it was abolished by Napoleon in 1808.

Architectural Evolution

The architecture of San Floriano is a fascinating chronicle of stylistic transitions. The original medieval structure, with its Romanesque roots, underwent significant changes when the Frati Minori Conventuali took over in 1439. They initiated a series of renovations that included reorienting the church to face the central Piazza Federico II and expanding its interior to accommodate new chapels.

In the Renaissance period, the church was enriched with artistic treasures, including works by the renowned painter Lorenzo Lotto. His masterpieces, such as the Deposizione and Santa Lucia davanti al giudice, were commissioned by the local confraternities and are now housed in the Pinacoteca Civica of Jesi.

The Baroque Transformation

The most dramatic transformation of San Floriano occurred in the 18th century under the guidance of architect Francesco Maria Ciaraffoni. The church was redesigned with a central elliptical plan, crowned by a grand oval dome adorned with stuccos and frescoes depicting the stories of St. Francis and the virtues of San Floriano, painted by Luigi Mancini in the mid-19th century.

Despite these grand renovations, the façade of the church was never completed, leaving an intriguing blend of unfinished elegance that adds to its historical charm. The adjacent convent also underwent significant changes, revealing Roman statues during its reconstruction, which are now displayed in the Museo Civico of Palazzo Pianetti.

From Sacred to Cultural Space

The church's religious role diminished during the Napoleonic era, leading to its secularization in 1860. It transitioned into a civic space, first as a library and later as an art gallery. In the early 2000s, a new chapter began for San Floriano as it was converted into a theater studio, a project led by architect Italo Rota. This transformation was completed in 2002, and the venue was subsequently dedicated to the celebrated Jesi actress Valeria Moriconi.

Visiting San Floriano Today

Today, visitors to San Floriano can immerse themselves in a space that resonates with history and creativity. The theater hosts a variety of cultural events, offering a unique blend of past and present. The building’s architecture, with its blend of medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque elements, provides a captivating backdrop for performances and exhibitions.

The surrounding Piazza Federico II adds to the allure, with its vibrant atmosphere and historical significance as the birthplace of Emperor Frederick II. The piazza's lively setting, coupled with the architectural beauty of San Floriano, makes it a must-visit destination for those exploring the cultural treasures of Jesi.

In conclusion, San Floriano is more than a historical monument; it is a living narrative of Jesi’s evolution through time. Its walls echo the stories of devotion, transformation, and artistic achievement, making it an essential stop for anyone interested in the rich tapestry of Italian history and culture.