St. Martin

The St. Martin Church in Kaufbeuren, Bavaria, Germany, is a striking landmark that dominates the cityscape with its towering presence. This Catholic parish church, dedicated to St. Martin, has a rich history that dates back to the early 14th century and is an architectural gem that showcases a blend of Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque styles.

The History of St. Martin Church

The earliest mention of St. Martin Church dates back to 1308, but the site has a history that stretches even further into the past. During excavations in 1978, remnants of four different apses were discovered in the choir of the church, indicating the existence of earlier structures. The oldest of these remains is believed to be part of a royal court church from the early medieval period, although the exact dating is not archaeologically confirmed.

Originally serving as a fiscal church for the royal administrators of the Frankish royal court, St. Martin was exclusively available to them. The church's dedication to St. Martin is significant, as he was considered the patron saint of the Frankish kings. Another apse found during the excavations points to a high medieval chapel that likely belonged to a fortification on the current church square. This castle-like structure is associated with the noble family of Buron/Beuren.

In the period of Welf rule over Kaufbeuren from 1167 to 1191, the castle chapel was expanded and converted into a church, benefiting from the decay of the existing castle. It is likely that during this time, St. Martin received parish rights, establishing it as the religious center of the Welf settlement. A cemetery must have also been established with the granting of parish rights.

Following the takeover of Kaufbeuren by the Hohenstaufen dynasty under Henry VI in 1191, St. Martin was rebuilt around 1200 as a Romanesque basilica. However, this structure was destroyed by fire in 1325 and subsequently rebuilt in the Gothic style. The remaining apses from 1978 correspond to these two phases of the church's construction history. The remnants of the Romanesque structure can still be seen in the church's south portal and baptismal font.

From 1438 to 1443, a new construction of the city parish church took place, and it was consecrated by the Augsburg Bishop Peter Cardinal von Schaumberg. Later, the church was adorned with a carved altar by the Ulm master Michael Erhart. The Protestant Reformation reached Kaufbeuren around 1520, and by 1545, the parish church was completely remodeled according to Protestant principles. The city council took over the right to appoint the parish priest. From 1555, the provisions of the Peace of Augsburg for imperial cities of mixed confession applied to Kaufbeuren, and until the construction of the Evangelical Trinity Church in 1614, St. Martin was used jointly by both confessions.

During the Thirty Years' War, the church's furnishings suffered significant losses due to eleven city plunderings. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the church underwent Baroque renovations. Under city pastor Josef Landes, the church was refurbished in a neo-Gothic style from 1893 to 1899.

The Crescentia Organ

The organ of St. Martin, also known as the Crescentia Organ, was built in 1999 by the organ-building company Siegfried Schmid from Knottenried. It features 50 registers across three manuals and a pedal. The organ's design is inspired by the Gothic architecture of the church, and it combines mechanical and electrical action. The organ's disposition is a testament to the craftsmanship and attention to detail that went into its creation.

Exploring St. Martin Church

Visitors to St. Martin Church are greeted by its imposing tower, which rises high above the surrounding buildings. The church's exterior is a blend of Gothic and neo-Gothic elements, with intricate details that reflect its long and storied history. Inside, the church is a treasure trove of art and architecture, with its neo-Gothic furnishings, beautiful stained glass windows, and the impressive Crescentia Organ.

The church's rich history is evident in every corner, from the remnants of its Romanesque past to the Baroque and neo-Gothic elements that were added over the centuries. The carved altar by Michael Erhart is a highlight, showcasing the skill and artistry of the Ulm master. The church's role as a shared place of worship for both Catholic and Protestant congregations during the Reformation period is a testament to its importance in the religious life of Kaufbeuren.

Conclusion

St. Martin Church is not just a place of worship; it is a symbol of the city's rich history and cultural heritage. Its towering presence and intricate details make it a must-visit for anyone exploring Kaufbeuren. Whether you are interested in history, architecture, or simply looking for a place of quiet reflection, St. Martin Church offers a unique and enriching experience. As you walk through its hallowed halls, you are walking through centuries of history, each era leaving its mark on this remarkable structure.