Step into a piece of Knoxville's rich history with a visit to the Old Customs House, a landmark that stands proudly at the corner of Clinch Avenue and Market Street. This historic building, completed in 1874, was Knoxville's first federal building, and it has played a significant role in the city's development. Its striking Italianate architecture and storied past make it a must-see for anyone visiting East Tennessee.
The Old Customs House is a stunning example of Italianate architecture, designed by the renowned U.S. government chief architect Alfred B. Mullett. Its three-story structure is sheathed in East Tennessee marble, giving it a stately and enduring presence. The building's smooth exterior walls are beautifully contrasted by rusticated quoins at each corner, providing a glimpse into the architectural trends of the late 19th century.
One of the building's highlights is the former courtroom located on the third floor, which features exquisite neoclassical detailing. Although much of the original interior has been altered over the years, the building still retains its historical charm and grandeur.
The story of the Old Customs House begins on what was originally Lot 11 of James White's 1795 extension of Knoxville. By the 1850s, Knoxville was growing rapidly, and the need for a federal building became apparent. After Congress appropriated funding in 1856 and reappropriated it in 1869, construction began in 1871 and was completed three years later.
The building initially housed the federal courts, excise offices, and post office. As Knoxville's population quadrupled in the late 19th century, the Customs House became overcrowded, leading to an enlargement in 1910. Despite these expansions, the city's continued growth necessitated the construction of a new post office on Main Street in 1934.
In 1936, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) took over the building, using it for office space until 1976. This period marked a new chapter in the building's history, as the TVA played a crucial role in the development of the region's infrastructure and economy.
After the TVA vacated, the building's ownership was transferred to Knox County. It became home to the Lawson McGhee Library's Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection and the Knox County Archives, further cementing its status as a center of historical research and preservation.
In the 1980s, the East Tennessee Historical Society (ETHS) moved into the Customs House, establishing the East Tennessee History Center. The society opened the Museum of East Tennessee History in 1993, offering visitors a chance to explore the region's rich cultural heritage.
A significant expansion in 2004, designed by BarberMcMurry, extended the structure along Clinch Avenue. This new complex, known as the East Tennessee History Center, includes the ETHS headquarters, the Museum of East Tennessee History, the Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection, and the Knox County Archives. The Old Customs House is proudly depicted in the ETHS logo, symbolizing its importance to the community.
Visitors to the Old Customs House can immerse themselves in the history of East Tennessee through the exhibits and collections housed within its walls. The museum offers a fascinating look at the region's past, with artifacts and displays that tell the stories of the people who shaped the area.
The Calvin M. McClung Historical Collection is a treasure trove for researchers and history enthusiasts, containing an extensive array of documents, photographs, and genealogical records. Meanwhile, the Knox County Archives provide invaluable resources for those interested in local history and genealogy.
The Old Customs House stands as a testament to Knoxville's growth and evolution over the years. Its walls have witnessed countless changes, from its early days as a federal building to its current role as a hub for historical exploration and education.
Whether you're a history buff, architecture enthusiast, or simply curious about Knoxville's past, the Old Customs House offers a captivating journey through time. Its enduring legacy and architectural beauty make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the vibrant city of Knoxville.
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