Italian Court

Nestled in the heart of the picturesque town of Kutná Hora, the Italian Court (Vlašský dvůr) stands as a testament to the rich history and architectural splendor of the Czech Republic. This remarkable structure, with its origins dating back to before the 14th century, offers visitors a unique glimpse into the past, where the clinking of silver coins and the whispers of royal decrees once echoed through its halls.

The Historical Significance of the Italian Court

The Italian Court, originally established as a royal palace and mint, played a crucial role in the economic and political life of medieval Bohemia. Founded by King Wenceslas II around the year 1300, it was here that the famous Prague groschen and later thalers were minted, making Kutná Hora one of the wealthiest towns in Europe during the Middle Ages. The name Italian Court is believed to have been inspired by the Italian experts who were invited to oversee the minting process, bringing their advanced techniques and knowledge to Bohemia.

Throughout its history, the Italian Court underwent several renovations and expansions, reflecting the changing tastes and needs of its royal occupants. Notably, significant modifications were made during the reign of King Wenceslas IV in the late 14th century and again in the 15th century under King Vladislaus II, when the mintmaster's house was added to the southern side of the complex. Despite its decline and eventual abandonment in the 18th century, the Italian Court was meticulously restored in the late 19th century by architect Ludvík Lábler, who infused it with a neo-Gothic flair that continues to enchant visitors today.

Exploring the Italian Court

The Italian Court is a treasure trove of historical and architectural marvels waiting to be discovered. As you step through its gates, you are transported back in time, greeted by the grandeur of its four-winged structure surrounding a charming courtyard. Each wing holds its own secrets and stories, inviting you to explore and uncover the rich tapestry of Kutná Hora's past.

One of the highlights of the Italian Court is the Audience Hall, also known as the Council Hall, which was completely adapted in the late 19th century. This magnificent room boasts a stunning neo-Gothic beamed ceiling and intricate wall paintings depicting significant historical events, such as the Kutná Hora Decree and the election of Vladislaus II. The hall's ambiance, with its richly decorated wooden benches and other furnishings crafted by the renowned sculptor Jan Kastner, offers a glimpse into the opulent lifestyle of the medieval Bohemian court.

The Chapel of St. Wenceslas and St. Ladislaus

No visit to the Italian Court would be complete without a visit to the Chapel of St. Wenceslas and St. Ladislaus. Located on the first floor, this Gothic hall with its beautiful ribbed vaulting and five-sided presbytery is a masterpiece of the Parler workshop, known for its work on Prague's St. Vitus Cathedral. The chapel, consecrated in 1389, features a striking neo-Gothic wall painting from the 19th century, adding to its ethereal beauty.

Among the chapel's treasures are three late Gothic altars, including a painted altarpiece with a relief of the Death of the Virgin Mary and depictions of four saints on its wings. A votive painting commissioned by the highest mintmaster of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Jan Horstoffar of Malesice, depicts him alongside King Vladislaus II, both kneeling in prayer before the suffering Christ. This poignant artwork, a replica of which is displayed in the chapel, offers a profound connection to the spiritual and artistic heritage of the Italian Court.

The Minting Workshops

As you wander through the Italian Court, be sure to explore the remnants of the minting workshops, known as šmitny, where the clinking of silver coins once filled the air. These workshops, each marked with a carved city emblem, were where skilled craftsmen from royal mining towns such as Litoměřice, Kladsko, Jihlava, Opava, Most, and Písek worked tirelessly to produce the currency that fueled Bohemia's economy. Although many of these portals are now sealed, the fragments of city emblems that remain offer a fascinating glimpse into the past.

A Cultural Landmark

Today, the Italian Court stands as a cultural landmark, recognized as a national cultural monument of the Czech Republic since 1962. Its historical significance and architectural beauty continue to draw thousands of visitors each year, eager to immerse themselves in the rich history of Kutná Hora and its royal mint. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, the Italian Court promises an unforgettable journey through time.

In conclusion, the Italian Court in Kutná Hora is more than just a historic building; it is a symbol of the town's illustrious past and a testament to the craftsmanship and ingenuity of its people. As you explore its halls and courtyards, you will be transported to a bygone era, where the clinking of coins and the whispers of royalty once filled the air. So, take a step back in time and discover the magic of the Italian Court, a true gem in the heart of the Czech Republic.