Orbigny-Bernon Museum

Located in the heart of La Rochelle, France, the Orbigny-Bernon Museum (known locally as Musée d'Orbigny Bernon) is a treasure trove of art and history. This former museum of decorative arts and local history has long been an emblem of the city's rich cultural heritage. Although it closed its doors as a museum in September 2012, its legacy continues to captivate those who visit its historic premises.

The History of the Orbigny-Bernon Museum

The story of the Orbigny-Bernon Museum begins in the late 19th century. The building, an elegant hôtel particulier, was constructed in 1893 based on the designs of architect Henri d'Orbigny. It was commissioned by Alcide d'Orbigny-Bernon, a prominent merchant and founder of the Compagnie de navigation d’Orbigny. Alcide's success in maritime trade, a key industry in La Rochelle, is reflected in the grandeur of this residence. Serving as mayor of La Rochelle from 1893 to 1905 and president of the Chamber of Commerce from 1891 to 1906, Alcide's influence on the city was significant.

Upon Alcide's death, his widow bequeathed the hôtel to the city of La Rochelle. Recognizing the building's architectural and historical value, the municipality decided to establish a museum within its walls. The museum was inaugurated on December 18, 1921, thanks to the efforts of Gaston Périer, G. Musset, and L. Giraudeau. The transformation of this private residence into a public museum ensured the preservation of its unique architectural features while providing a home for a diverse collection of artworks and historical artifacts.

Architectural Highlights

The Orbigny-Bernon Museum is a stunning example of neo-Renaissance architecture. The building's U-shaped design is typical of French hôtels particuliers from the 18th century. However, it possesses unique features that set it apart. Unlike traditional layouts, the central body of the building is not aligned with the entrance gate. Instead, the main wing is situated to the right of the gate, connected to the central wing by an angular tower. This arrangement, reminiscent of Parisian townhouses, adds to the building's distinct charm.

The entrance to the museum is particularly noteworthy. Visitors are greeted by a grand staircase flanked by two small columns supporting sculptures. The doorway itself is crowned with a pediment engraved with the owner's initials, supported by pilasters on either side. This entrance exudes the majesty of a true hôtel particulier, reflecting the importance of its original owner. The building's façade is adorned with windows capped by pediments, enhancing its vertical composition, especially around the corner tower. The slate roof, punctuated by dormer windows, completes the elegant design.

Exploring the Collections

Before its closure, the Orbigny-Bernon Museum housed an impressive array of collections spread across four levels. The basement featured a lapidary presentation, showcasing significant tombstones from the 12th century, along with other sculpted stones from various historical periods. These artifacts, many of which were discovered during excavations and restorations in La Rochelle and its surroundings, provided a fascinating glimpse into the region's architectural heritage.

The ground floor was dedicated to the major events in La Rochelle's history. Visitors could explore numerous plans, drawings, and engravings, including depictions of the famous sieges of 1573 and 1627-1628. The collection also included paintings and engravings illustrating the city's prosperity in the 18th century, the fervor of the French Revolution, and local history from the 19th century. A special room was devoted to World War II, highlighting La Rochelle's role during this tumultuous period.

On the first floor, the museum displayed architectural remnants from La Rochelle, as well as a remarkable collection of ceramics and porcelain. Visitors could admire faience from La Rochelle, Strasbourg, Rouen, Moustiers, and Marseille, including the famous Tree of Love salad bowls and patronymic faience. The collection also featured exquisite 18th-century apothecary jars from the Aufredy Hospital, housed in their original cabinets. Additionally, the first floor showcased exceptional pieces of terracotta, such as a table fountain bearing the arms of the Gouffier family.

The second floor was dedicated to the arts of East Asia, with a collection amassed by Charles de Chassiron. This section included a reconstruction of a Chinese bedroom, displays of ceramics and costumes, and exhibits on feudal Japan and the samurai. Visitors could also explore ancient musical instruments from Southeast Asia.

The Garden

The museum's garden, renovated in 2009, was a serene and enchanting space open to the public. This hidden gem featured remnants of past excavations and restorations, echoing the presentation of the apothecary jars on the first floor. Designed in the spirit of a medicinal herb garden, it offered visitors a peaceful retreat amidst the historical surroundings.

Although the Orbigny-Bernon Museum is no longer open to the public as a museum, its legacy lives on through the collections that have been transferred to the Musée des beaux-arts de La Rochelle. The building itself remains a testament to the city's rich history and architectural heritage, continuing to inspire and captivate those who encounter it.