Château Saint-Maire

Château Saint-Maire stands majestically at the northern tip of the hill of the Cité in Lausanne, Switzerland. This impressive fortress, with its unique blend of medieval architecture and historical significance, is a testament to the rich tapestry of Swiss history. Originally constructed between 1397 and 1430, it has served various roles throughout the centuries, and today, it houses the seat of the Council of State of the Canton of Vaud.

The Origins of Château Saint-Maire

The story of Château Saint-Maire begins in the late 14th century under the episcopate of Guy de Prangins. The original episcopal palace had become inadequate for the needs of the bishops of Lausanne. It was Guillaume de Menthonay who, in 1396, received papal permission to relocate the Saint-Maire convent and construct a fortified castle in its place. This new castle was strategically positioned to oversee the southern part of the city and control the northern access route via Mont.

The château owes its name to Marius d'Avenches, a 6th-century bishop also known as Saint Maire. He is credited with moving the episcopal seat from Avenches to Lausanne, a move necessitated by the increasing pressure from northern Germanic tribes.

Architectural Marvels

Château Saint-Maire is a remarkable example of medieval defensive architecture. Its design, a grand cube measuring 25 meters by 23 meters with walls 2.8 meters thick, reflects the architectural trends of its time. The lower portion of the structure is made of molasse, while the upper floors are constructed with red brick, adorned with machicolations and pepperpot turrets. This combination of materials suggests the influence of Lombard craftsmen, yet the overall design echoes the French royal domain's architectural revival, reminiscent of the Louvre and Vincennes.

Originally, the château was separated from the Cité-Dessus by walls and a dry moat, with a drawbridge providing access. Though these defensive features have since been altered, the castle retains its imposing presence.

From Bishops to Bailiffs

In 1536, the Bernese conquest of the Pays de Vaud marked a significant turning point for Château Saint-Maire. The last bishop, Sébastien de Montfalcon, fled, and the castle became the seat of the Bernese bailiff. The Bernese made several modifications, such as filling in the crenellations and extending the roof to improve insulation. These changes reflect the transition from a fortress to a more administrative role.

During this period, a two-story building was added to the west of the château, and the drawbridge was replaced by a vestibule and staircase, further transforming the castle's functionality.

The Vaudois Era

With the liberation of the Pays de Vaud in 1798, Château Saint-Maire underwent another transformation. It became the cantonal house following the creation of the Canton of Vaud in 1803. The château was adapted to house the executive power of Vaud, with significant renovations carried out by Alexandre Perregaux and later his son Henri.

The 19th century saw further modifications, including the construction of a terrace that partially buried one corner of the castle, and the demolition of the Saint-Maire gate to expand the road to the Place du Château.

Modern Restorations

Château Saint-Maire has been the subject of numerous restoration efforts to preserve its historical integrity. In 1920, it was classified as a historical monument, and various renovations have been undertaken to maintain its grandeur. The most recent renovation, completed between 2015 and 2018, focused on exterior restoration, improved energy efficiency, and modernized facilities, including the installation of an elevator and new meeting rooms.

Today, the château serves as an important administrative hub, housing the Council of State, the State Chancellery, and the Department of the Interior's headquarters. Although it is not typically open to the public, its historical and architectural significance makes it a must-see landmark in Lausanne.

Château Saint-Maire is more than just a building; it is a symbol of the region's rich history and resilience. From its origins as a bishop's fortress to its current role in the heart of Vaud's government, it stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of Swiss heritage.