The Cloisters (Letchworth)

In the heart of Letchworth Garden City, Hertfordshire, stands a unique and captivating structure known as The Cloisters. This architectural gem, with its rich history and enchanting design, beckons visitors to explore its storied past and appreciate its cultural significance.

The Vision of Annie Jane Lawrence

The Cloisters owes its existence to the visionary Quaker, Miss Annie Jane Lawrence. Born into a family with a legacy of social reform and civic responsibility, Lawrence was deeply influenced by her grandfather William Lawrence, a Master of the Worshipful Company of Carpenters, and her uncle Sir James Lawrence, a former Lord Mayor of London. Annie's own experiences with social work in the slums of London ignited her passion for creating a space dedicated to philosophical thought and social change.

In 1905, Lawrence leased three acres of land in Letchworth, the world's first Garden City, to bring her dream to life. She envisioned The Cloisters as an open-air school of Psychology where students could study the relationship between thought and action. The building's design, inspired by a dream Lawrence had, reflected the principles of the Arts and Crafts movement, emphasizing craftsmanship and the use of natural materials from across Europe.

The Architectural Marvel

Designed by architect William Harrison Cowlishaw, The Cloisters is a testament to innovative design and artistic vision. The building features a large half-oval open-air room known as the 'Cloisters Garth,' with an open colonnade to the south and large glazed bays to the north. Flanking the Garth are two wings: one housing the kitchen and store rooms, and the other containing cubicles and dressing rooms for an oval open-air swimming pool.

The structure's eclectic design includes elements such as towers, arches, and intricate stonework, all contributing to its distinctive appearance. The use of marbles and other materials from various parts of Europe adds a touch of elegance and grandeur to the building.

A Hub of Cultural Activity

From its inception in 1907, The Cloisters quickly became a hub of cultural and intellectual activity. It hosted lectures, conferences, drama and musical performances, and organ recitals. Lawrence's love for music led her to organize concerts featuring the London Concert Orchestra, composed of 40 unemployed musicians. These events attracted audiences of up to 1,000 people, making The Cloisters a focal point of the new town's cultural life.

In addition to its cultural offerings, The Cloisters also served as a base for the Alpha Union, established by John Bruce Wallace of the Brotherhood Church. This organization held summer schools and residential courses, fostering a sense of community and shared learning among its members.

Challenges and Transformation

The outbreak of World War II brought significant challenges to The Cloisters. The building was commandeered by the Army and suffered damage during the war years. By 1948, Lawrence found it increasingly difficult to maintain the property and repair the damage. She initially offered The Cloisters to the local council, but when they declined, she turned to the local Freemasons.

In 1951, The Cloisters became the North Hertfordshire Masonic Centre, a role it continues to fulfill to this day. The Freemasons have preserved the building, ensuring its continued use and maintenance. The Cloisters Lodge No. 7100 was formed to commemorate Lawrence's generous donation, and about sixty Masonic lodges and 'side degrees' now meet at The Cloisters.

A Legacy Preserved

Despite the passage of time and the challenges it has faced, The Cloisters remains a cherished part of Letchworth Garden City. It has been designated as one of the 'great historic buildings' of North Hertfordshire and is a Grade II* listed building. In June 2013, The Cloisters was featured in ITV's series Britain's Secret Homes, ranking 16th out of 50 historic buildings selected by English Heritage.

However, the building's preservation is an ongoing effort. In October 2013, The Cloisters was placed on English Heritage's 'At Risk Register' due to the poor condition of its roof tiles, which had allowed water to cause damage. Efforts to restore and maintain this architectural treasure continue, ensuring that future generations can appreciate its beauty and historical significance.

Visiting The Cloisters

Today, visitors to The Cloisters can explore its fascinating history and admire its unique design. The building's serene setting and picturesque surroundings make it a perfect destination for those interested in architecture, history, and the Arts and Crafts movement. Whether attending a Masonic event or simply taking a leisurely stroll through its grounds, The Cloisters offers a glimpse into a bygone era and the enduring legacy of Annie Jane Lawrence's vision.

In conclusion, The Cloisters stands as a testament to the power of visionary thinking and the enduring impact of cultural and intellectual pursuits. Its walls echo the dreams and aspirations of its founder, and its continued preservation ensures that this remarkable structure will remain a cherished part of Letchworth Garden City's heritage for years to come.