Donjon Lacataye

Situated in the charming commune of Mont-de-Marsan in the Landes department of France, the Donjon Lacataye stands as a testament to medieval architecture and historical significance. This intriguing monument, often referred to as a donjon or keep, is actually a combination of two contiguous buildings constructed from shell limestone, dating from the late 13th or early 14th century. Despite its name, it is not a traditional dungeon but rather a fortified house that has played various roles throughout its storied past.

The Historical Significance of Donjon Lacataye

The origins of Donjon Lacataye are somewhat shrouded in mystery, with its construction attributed to Marguerite de Moncade around 1313, when she chose to retire to Mont-de-Marsan. However, some believe it could have been built by her father, Gaston VII, or her sister, Constance de Moncade, in the late 13th century. The monument consists of two Romanesque houses, clearly distinguishable from the exterior and within the current museum, where a central wall adorned with Romanesque windows indicates the sequential construction of the buildings.

Originally built within the town's ramparts, the houses served as a surveillance point over the Midou River and the eastern side of Mont-de-Marsan. The fortification likely functioned as both an observation post and a defensive tower, a vital part of the town's medieval defense system. The buildings were owned by the viscounts of Marsan, who eventually abandoned them as they moved away from the town. In the 16th century, the upper parts of the structures were modified and crenellations were added, enhancing their military purpose.

The Evolution of Donjon Lacataye

Throughout its history, Donjon Lacataye has undergone numerous transformations. In the 16th century, it provided refuge for Marguerite de Navarre, sister of King Francis I and grandmother of King Henry IV. She found solace within its walls, using it as a place of retreat and reflection. In 1546, she penned L'Heptaméron and, in 1548, staged the mystical play La Comédie de Montemarsan within its confines.

By 1560, the governor of the nearby Nolibos Castle relocated to Donjon Lacataye, finding it more comfortable than the purely defensive fortress. Remarkably, the building escaped significant damage during the religious wars and the Fronde. In 1860, Antoine Lacaze, then mayor and owner of the building, bequeathed it to the town to house troops. It served as a departmental barracks until 1876, and even afterward, it continued to be used for military purposes until 1900.

In the early 20th century, the building was repurposed for civilian use, serving as a boarding school for girls, a gymnastics center, and a municipal workshop. Notably, it hosted Mont-de-Marsan's first radio broadcast in 1925.

Donjon Lacataye Today

Restored in 1963, Donjon Lacataye now houses the Despiau-Wlérick Museum, dedicated to figurative sculpture from the first half of the 20th century. This transformation was spearheaded by Raymond Farbos, president of the Friends of Charles Despiau and Robert Wlérick association, and the town's mayor, Charles Lamarque-Cando. The museum, inaugurated in 1968, celebrates the works of local artists Charles Despiau and Robert Wlérick, offering visitors a unique glimpse into their artistic legacy.

Adjacent to Donjon Lacataye is another Romanesque house, once part of the town's defensive wall, now home to the Dubalen Museum. Mont-de-Marsan boasts two other fortified Romanesque houses, remnants of the town's medieval defense system.

Visiting Donjon Lacataye

Exploring Donjon Lacataye is a journey through time. As you wander through its ancient halls, you'll encounter the blend of historical and artistic significance that defines this remarkable monument. The museum's collection of sculptures provides a fascinating contrast to the medieval architecture, creating a unique cultural experience.

Donjon Lacataye's location on the right bank of the Midou River offers picturesque views and a serene atmosphere. Its historical significance, architectural charm, and cultural offerings make it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike.

In conclusion, Donjon Lacataye is more than just a historical monument; it is a symbol of Mont-de-Marsan's rich heritage and enduring spirit. Its walls have witnessed centuries of change, serving as a fortress, a refuge, a military barracks, and now, a museum. A visit to Donjon Lacataye is an opportunity to step back in time and immerse yourself in the captivating history of this enchanting town.