St. Mariae Geburt in Mülheim an der Ruhr stands as a striking testament to the architectural movement known as Neue Sachlichkeit, or New Objectivity. This Roman Catholic parish church, nestled on the Kirchenhügel, is a fascinating blend of industrial aesthetics and traditional ecclesiastical design, making it a must-visit for both architecture enthusiasts and those seeking spiritual solace.
The story of St. Mariae Geburt is deeply intertwined with the industrial boom and demographic changes of the early 20th century. As Mülheim grew due to industrialization, so did its Catholic community. The original Marienkirche, built in 1786, could no longer accommodate the swelling number of parishioners. By 1913, with the congregation reaching 10,000 members, the decision was made to construct a new church.
However, the outbreak of the First World War delayed these plans. It wasn't until 1927 that the project gained momentum, driven by Pastor Konrad Jakobs and the influential industrialist Julia Thyssen. The renowned architect Emil Fahrenkamp was chosen to design the church, despite initial resistance due to his Protestant faith. His design, characterized by its austere yet grandiose style, was eventually realized with the assistance of Catholic architects Hermann Imhäuser and Josef Pfoster.
The foundation stone was laid on August 19, 1928, and the church was consecrated on March 10, 1929. It was considered the most expensive parish church in the Ruhr area at the time, a testament to the ambition and dedication of its patrons.
St. Mariae Geburt is a bold example of Bauhaus-inspired architecture. Its structure is a harmonious blend of a traditional basilica layout and modernist elements. The church features a steel skeleton, clad in red-brown brick and Würzburg shell limestone, which is both sturdy and visually striking. The 43-meter-high tower, topped with a copper-green cross, is a notable landmark in the cityscape.
The façade is dominated by three tall arches, creating a grand entrance that invites visitors into the serene interior. Inside, the church is designed to direct attention towards the altar and choir, reflecting the liturgical movement's influence on its design. The space is defined by five pairs of steel pillars that separate the main nave from the side aisles, which are illuminated by large arched windows.
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The interior of St. Mariae Geburt is a study in simplicity and focus. The altar, originally a massive stone block, emphasizes the centrality of the Eucharist in Catholic worship. Above the entrance, a bronze figure of the Risen Christ, crafted by Carl Burger in 1930, welcomes all who enter.
The church's post-war reconstruction, completed by 1958, brought changes to the original interior design. Notable contributions were made by the Mülheim sculptor Ernst Rasche, who designed key elements such as the altar, ambo, and baptismal font, all crafted from Finnish Bohus granite. The Stations of the Cross, depicted in a slate relief under the organ gallery, add a contemplative dimension to the space.
The stained-glass windows, created by Hubert Spierling between 1989 and 1990, are a highlight of the church's artistic offerings. These opal glass creations add a vibrant yet harmonious touch to the church's interior, complementing the overall aesthetic.
The church's organ, crafted by the Klais company from Bonn and inaugurated in 1972, is a masterpiece of musical engineering. With 49 registers across three manuals and a pedal, it is renowned for its tonal versatility, capable of performing pieces from all periods of organ music. A significant overhaul in 2006 introduced an advanced setting system, expanding the organ's capabilities even further.
St. Mariae Geburt is also famous for its impressive set of bells, the deepest in tone within the Diocese of Essen. Originally cast in 1928, the bells were largely lost during World War II, with only the smallest surviving. The current set, recast in 1957, comprises seven bells that fill the air with their rich, melodious sound during major Catholic feasts and New Year's Eve.
In conclusion, St. Mariae Geburt is not just a place of worship but a beacon of cultural and architectural heritage. Its story, architecture, and art make it an essential stop for anyone visiting Mülheim an der Ruhr, offering a unique glimpse into the region's rich history and vibrant community spirit.
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