Nestled in the vibrant city of Narbonne, the Vestiges archéologiques du Clos de la Lombarde offers a captivating glimpse into the ancient world. This archaeological site, rich in history and culture, is a testament to the Gallo-Roman era, with its remarkable mosaics and frescoes that have earned it a place among France's historical monuments since 2007. As you wander through these ancient ruins, you'll find yourself transported back in time, surrounded by the whispers of a bygone era.
The story of Clos de la Lombarde begins in the early 20th century when the first hints of ancient occupation were discovered. It wasn't until the 1970s, however, that extensive archaeological excavations unearthed the true treasures of the site. These digs revealed fragments of ancient paintings and mosaics from the 1st and 2nd centuries, alongside the remains of a paleo-Christian basilica from the late 4th and 5th centuries. The significance of these discoveries was so profound that the Ministry of Finance handed the land over to the Ministry of Culture, sparking a series of archaeological campaigns that unveiled a residential neighborhood complete with domus, workshops, and neighborhood baths.
Among the most intriguing aspects of the site are the two large domus, known as the Maison à Portiques and the Maison au Grand Triclinium. The Maison à Portiques, the first house excavated in 1973, spans an impressive 975 square meters and dates back to the end of the 1st century BC. Its design, inspired by the houses of Pompeii, features an atrium and a peristyle, with a fascinating fresco discovered in the triclinium. Adjacent to it lies the Maison au Grand Triclinium, named for its grand dining room covering 87 square meters. Built on the foundations of an older structure, this house boasts elements from the late 2nd century and a votive altar bearing the name Marcus Clodius Aestivo, adding a personal touch to the ancient stonework.
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The neighborhood baths, dating from the mid-1st century, offer a glimpse into the daily lives of the ancient inhabitants. Though only partially visible today, these baths were once a hub of social activity. Interestingly, as Christianity spread and the basilica was constructed, some rooms, including the frigidarium, appeared to serve as refuges for pagan worship, with artifacts dedicated to the goddess Isis discovered within. Nearby, an ancient workshop for salting and garum production hints at the bustling economic life that once thrived here.
As you explore further, you'll encounter the remnants of a paleo-Christian basilica, constructed at the end of the 4th century. Measuring 27.5 by 13.7 meters, its architecture echoes the styles of northern Syrian edifices. Despite its historical significance, the basilica was abandoned in the first half of the 5th century, leaving behind a hauntingly beautiful ruin that speaks to the transient nature of civilizations.
Today, the site is managed by the municipality of Narbonne, with dedicated efforts to preserve its rich history. The association Les Amis du Clos de la Lombarde, established in 2010, plays a crucial role in maintaining and animating the site. Visitors are welcomed during the summer and on special heritage and archaeology days, ensuring that the stories of Clos de la Lombarde continue to captivate new generations.
The Vestiges archéologiques du Clos de la Lombarde is more than just an archaeological site; it's a living museum that offers a window into the past. The mosaics and frescoes discovered here, now housed in the Narbo Via museum, provide invaluable insights into the artistic and cultural achievements of the Gallo-Roman period. As you stroll through the site, you'll find yourself drawn into the intricate details of these ancient artworks, each telling its own story of a world long gone.
Despite the extensive excavations, much of the site remains unexplored, holding onto its secrets. Known areas yet to be fully investigated include additional houses and workshops, leaving archaeologists and historians eager to uncover more of Narbonne's ancient past. These untouched areas promise future discoveries that could further illuminate the lives of those who once called this place home.
In conclusion, a visit to the Vestiges archéologiques du Clos de la Lombarde is a journey through time, offering an unparalleled glimpse into the ancient world. Its ruins stand as a testament to the rich tapestry of history that has shaped Narbonne, making it an essential stop for anyone with a passion for archaeology and history. Whether you're a seasoned historian or a curious traveler, the site invites you to explore, discover, and connect with the echoes of a distant past.
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