Colegio de Santo Domingo

The Colegio de Santo Domingo, also known by its original name, Convento de Santo Domingo, is a mesmerizing architectural jewel located in the historic city of Orihuela, Spain. Often referred to as El Escorial of the Levante, this monumental complex is a harmonious blend of Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and Rococo styles, reflecting the rich cultural tapestry of the region.

The History of Colegio de Santo Domingo

The origins of the Colegio de Santo Domingo date back to 1512 when the Order of the Dominicans settled in the area. The visionary behind this grand establishment was Cardinal Fernando de Loazes, a native of Orihuela, who envisioned a center of learning that would rival the great universities of the time. In 1546, he laid the foundations for what would become a pivotal institution, initially intended to teach arts, law, medicine, and theology.

In 1552, a papal bull granted by Pope Julius III elevated the institution to a pontifical college, marking the beginning of its transformation into a university. The construction of the convent began in 1553, under the watchful eye of architect Juan Inglés, and continued even after the cardinal’s death.

By 1610, the building was inaugurated as a General Study, and in 1646, it was declared a Royal, General, and Public University by King Philip IV, despite opposition from the University of Valencia. This marked the golden era of the university, which thrived alongside the flourishing agriculture of the region in the 17th century.

Architectural Marvels

The Colegio de Santo Domingo is renowned for its two grand facades, each adorned with intricately carved portals and majestic windows. The main facade is particularly striking with its luxurious design, while the side facade proudly displays the coat of arms of its founder, Fernando de Loazes.

The interior of the complex is equally impressive, housing valuable artworks by renowned artists such as Antonio de Villanueva and Nicolás Borrás. At one time, it even held the Temptation of Saint Thomas Aquinas, a masterpiece by Velázquez, which now resides in the Diocesan Museum of Orihuela.

The Claustros

Within its expansive grounds, the Colegio de Santo Domingo boasts two magnificent cloisters. The Renaissance-style Convent Cloister, designed by Agustín Bernardino, features a serene garden and elegant arches supported by pilasters and semi-columns. The Baroque University Cloister, constructed between 1727 and 1737, is adorned with heraldic decorations, showcasing the coats of arms of Spain and the Catholic Church.

The Church

The Baroque church within the Colegio de Santo Domingo is a masterpiece of design by Pedro Quintana. Its single nave is crowned with a barrel vault and is richly decorated with intricate paintings and gilded details by Bartolomé Albert. The church's opulent interior is a testament to the artistic and spiritual heritage of the region.

From Past to Present

Throughout its history, the Colegio de Santo Domingo has played many roles. It was home to Spain's first Public National Library and served as a Dominican convent and a university for nearly three centuries. However, following the suppression of religious orders and the Mendizábal disentailment in 1836, the building came under the care of the Diocese of Orihuela.

Today, it stands as the Colegio Diocesano de Santo Domingo, an educational institution offering a range of studies from early childhood to high school. It continues to be a beacon of learning and culture, preserving the legacy of its illustrious past while embracing the future.

In conclusion, the Colegio de Santo Domingo is not just an architectural wonder but a living monument to the rich history and cultural evolution of Orihuela. Its walls echo the stories of scholars, artists, and visionaries who have walked its halls, making it an essential destination for anyone visiting this enchanting corner of Spain.