Santa Maria della Spina

Santa Maria della Spina, nestled gracefully on the left bank of the Arno River in Pisa, Italy, is a gem of Gothic architecture that has enchanted visitors for centuries. Originally named Chiesa di Santa Maria di Pontenovo, this small yet intricately designed church is a testament to the artistic and architectural prowess of the medieval period. Its current name, della Spina, is derived from the relic it once housed—a thorn from the crown of thorns worn by Jesus during the crucifixion.

The History of Santa Maria della Spina

The origins of Santa Maria della Spina date back to 1230 when it was erected by the Gualandi family. Initially, it served as a chapel for the bridge that connected Via Sant'Antonio to Via Santa Maria, which collapsed in the 15th century. The church gained its current name in 1333 when it became the guardian of the sacred relic, the Holy Thorn, which is now kept in the church of Santa Chiara.

In its early days, the church was a simple loggia open to the south and covered by a gable roof. However, significant expansion work began in 1322, transforming it into the exquisite Gothic masterpiece we see today. These enhancements were likely overseen by Lupo di Francesco, with contributions from Andrea and Nino Pisano, among others.

Throughout its history, Santa Maria della Spina has undergone numerous restorations due to the instability of the ground and its proximity to the Arno River. Notably, after the unification of Italy, the church was dismantled and reconstructed in a more stable location under the guidance of architect Vincenzo Micheli. This move, completed between 1871 and 1875, resulted in some alterations to its original structure, much to the dismay of some, including the renowned art critic John Ruskin.

Exploring the Exterior of Santa Maria della Spina

The exterior of Santa Maria della Spina is a visual feast of Gothic splendor. The church is adorned with spires, tympanums, tabernacles, and an array of intricate sculptural elements, including inlays, rose windows, and statues crafted by masterful Pisan sculptors of the 14th century. Notably, all the statues seen today are copies, with the originals preserved in the Museo Nazionale di San Matteo since 1996.

The western façade is particularly striking, featuring two entrances with rounded arches flanking a central tabernacle. This tabernacle houses a statue of the Madonna and Child attributed to Giovanni Pisano, accompanied by two angels added in the 17th century. Additional tabernacles on the façade contain statues of angels and other religious figures, although some have been replaced or restored over the centuries.

The southern side of the church is equally elaborate, with numerous decorations including three mullioned windows and a door topped by a gallery of seventeen tabernacles. These tabernacles are filled with statues of the Apostles and other religious figures, showcasing the craftsmanship of Giovanni Pisano’s followers. The eastern side mirrors this decorative style, with additional statues of saints and evangelists, including works by Nino Pisano and his workshop.

The Interior of Santa Maria della Spina

Contrasting with its ornate exterior, the interior of Santa Maria della Spina is relatively simple. It consists of a single nave with a wooden ceiling, decorated during the 19th-century reconstruction. Despite its simplicity, the interior houses some of the finest examples of Gothic sculpture in Europe. At the center of the small presbytery, visitors can admire the Madonna della Rosa by Andrea and Nino Pisano, flanked by statues of Saint Peter and Saint John the Baptist.

Other notable artworks once graced the church, such as the marble choir by Andrea Guardi and the tabernacle by Stagio Stagi, which held the Holy Thorn relic. Additionally, Giovanni Antonio Bazzi’s painting, the Sacred Conversation, now resides in the Museo Nazionale di San Matteo, as does the original marble Annunciation by Stoldo Lorenzi, which is venerated in the church of Santa Chiara.

Modern Use and Significance

Today, Santa Maria della Spina continues to captivate visitors with its stunning architecture and historical significance. The church is no longer a place of worship but serves as a venue for contemporary art exhibitions, blending its rich past with modern creativity. This unique fusion of history and art makes Santa Maria della Spina a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the enchanting city of Pisa.

In conclusion, Santa Maria della Spina is more than just a church; it is a symbol of Pisa’s artistic heritage and a testament to the enduring beauty of Gothic architecture. Its intricate details and storied past offer a glimpse into the medieval world, making it an unforgettable highlight of any visit to this historic city.