San Francesco

San Francesco, known locally as Chiesa di San Francesco, is a captivating historic site nestled in the heart of Pistoia, Italy. With its serene ambiance and rich history, this church offers visitors a glimpse into the spiritual and artistic heritage of the region. The church, situated on Piazza San Francesco, is a testament to the enduring legacy of the Franciscan order in Pistoia.

The History of San Francesco

The origins of San Francesco date back to the late 13th century. Construction began in September 1289 on a site previously occupied by a smaller convent associated with the church of Santa Maria al Prato. The Franciscans had established themselves here in the early 13th century, and the new church was built to accommodate their growing community. The construction extended into the 14th century, with the façade being completed in 1707, harmonizing with the Gothic style of the rest of the church.

Throughout the 17th century, the interior of San Francesco saw the addition of numerous altars, commissioned by local noble families, which added to its grandeur. The church's history is marked by periods of change, including the departure of the Franciscan community in 1808 due to Napoleonic suppressions and the later return of the Conventual Franciscans in 1926. However, they left the parish in 2016, marking another chapter in the church's storied past.

Exploring San Francesco

Visitors to San Francesco will find a church that embodies the simplicity and elegance characteristic of Franciscan architecture. The church features a single nave covered by a truss roof, with a transept extending into chapels. The façade, adorned with bands of white and green marble, is striking in its simplicity. A single, arched portal with a frescoed lunette and a circular rose window above it invites visitors inside.

Inside, the church boasts a Latin cross plan with a spacious nave. The walls bear traces of frescoes from the 14th century, offering a glimpse into the artistic endeavors of the time. Beyond the grand triumphal arch lies the main chapel, flanked by four smaller chapels, all adorned with frescoes depicting the life of St. Francis, completed in 1343. These frescoes are reminiscent of those in the Upper Basilica of Assisi, showcasing monumental figures set against architectural backdrops.

The Chapel Frescoes

The frescoes in the main chapel, discovered in the 1920s, are a highlight of San Francesco. Although some sections are in poor condition, the remaining fragments reveal a masterful execution. The decorative program, centered on the life of St. Francis, includes scenes arranged in three tiers along the side walls. The figures are depicted in life-size, creating a powerful narrative presence.

Vasari attributed these frescoes to Puccio Capanna, and subsequent studies have suggested influences from Bolognese painter Dalmasio degli Scannabecchi. The frescoes reflect a blend of Tuscan and Bolognese styles, with expressive figures and vivid colors. The chapel's decoration is a testament to the cultural exchanges between Pistoia and other Italian artistic centers during the 14th century.

The Organ and Other Features

A notable feature of San Francesco is its main pipe organ, located at the end of the left transept. Built in 1896 by William Hill & Sons for a chapel in London, the organ was relocated to San Francesco in the early 2000s after restoration. It features a pneumatic transmission system and 27 registers, offering a rich auditory experience for visitors.

In addition to the organ, the church houses a smaller instrument in the apse, constructed by Costamagna in the mid-20th century. This organ, with 14 registers, complements the musical heritage of San Francesco, adding to the spiritual ambiance of the space.

Conclusion

San Francesco is not just a place of worship but a repository of Pistoia's artistic and spiritual history. Its walls echo the stories of centuries past, from the Franciscan friars who first settled here to the artists who adorned its chapels with frescoes. For visitors to Pistoia, San Francesco offers a serene retreat and a chance to explore the rich tapestry of Italian religious art and architecture.