Cattolica dei Greci

In the heart of Reggio Calabria, nestled between the bustling streets of Via Giudecca and Via Aschenez, stands the venerable Cattolica dei Greci. This historic church, also known as Santa Maria della Cattolica dei Greci, is the oldest surviving Christian building in the city and a testament to the rich cultural tapestry of southern Italy.

The Byzantine Cathedral

The origins of the Cattolica dei Greci are deeply entwined with the Byzantine Rite. Initially serving as the cathedral of Reggio Calabria, this church was the spiritual heart of the city during the Byzantine era. It was first constructed near the present-day Piazza Italia, in the vicinity of the Teatro Cilea and Palazzo Musitano. This area still bears the name Via Cattolica dei Greci in homage to the church's historical significance.

Throughout its storied history, the Cattolica dei Greci has withstood numerous calamities, the most devastating being the Calabrian earthquake of 1783, which left the original structure in ruins. Despite these challenges, the church's legacy endured, and it remained a symbol of the Byzantine Rite, even as the Latin Rite gained prominence with the arrival of the Normans.

Neoclassical Rebirth

In 1876, the Cattolica dei Greci rose from the ashes, reconstructed at a slightly different location under the guidance of architect Antonino Pugliese. The new church, built in the neoclassical style, stands as a tribute to resilience and renewal. However, the church's trials were not over. The Messina earthquake of 1908 inflicted further damage, necessitating extensive restorations that were completed in 1954. The church reopened for worship on March 25, 1957, once again becoming a beacon of faith for the community.

Architectural Splendor

The architectural design of the Cattolica dei Greci is inspired by the Latin Cross, featuring a three-nave basilica layout. The eastern end of the church is adorned with semicircular apses, while a richly decorated dome with intricate stucco work crowns the transept. The dome's oval corners are embellished with depictions of saints, adding a touch of divine artistry to the structure.

Inside the church, the contrast between the two construction phases is evident. The less ornate sections of the naves and the main apse stand in stark contrast to the lavishly decorated corners, which exude opulence at every turn. The neoclassical facade is characterized by colossal columns with composite capitals, supported by a continuous base and topped by a high entablature. The pediment is crowned with a wrought-iron cross, and the church is flanked by two bell towers, completing its majestic appearance.

The Bronze Portal

One of the most striking features of the Cattolica dei Greci is its golden bronze portal, crafted by artist Giuseppe Niglia. Each of the two door panels stands an impressive six meters tall, showcasing an eclectic style that blends Mediterranean and Northern European influences. The portal is a continuous tableau, depicting scenes from the life of Jesus and Mary in a symbolic manner.

The eight panels of the portal illustrate the following scenes:

• The Annunciation
• The Birth of Jesus
• The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple
• The Flight into Egypt
• Jesus in the Temple
• The Wedding at Cana
• The Crucifixion
• The Assumption of Mary

The figures, rendered with a luminous impressionistic touch, embody the symbols of salvation and hope, framing the central scene with a timeless presence. The medieval influences breathe life into the composition, creating a rhythm that harmonizes with the grand structure of the church.

Legacy of the Proto-Popes

The Cattolica dei Greci also holds a rich clerical history. The names of the proto-popes, or archpriests, who served the church from the 15th century to 1818, are well-documented. These leaders, such as Giovanni Nicola Spanò and Alfonso Spanò, played pivotal roles in the church's history, guiding it through periods of change and challenge.

In more recent times, notable figures like Mons. Antonio Musolino and Sac. Prof. Valerio Chiovaro have continued this legacy, ensuring that the church remains a vital part of Reggio Calabria's spiritual and cultural landscape.

The Cattolica dei Greci is more than just a church; it is a living monument to the enduring spirit of Reggio Calabria. Its walls echo with the prayers and hopes of generations, and its architecture tells a story of resilience and rebirth. For visitors, it offers a glimpse into the rich Byzantine heritage and the neoclassical elegance that define this historic city. A visit to the Cattolica dei Greci is a journey through time, a chance to connect with the profound history and enduring faith of Reggio Calabria.