Nestled in the heart of Schenectady, New York, the Union Street Historic District is a captivating blend of architectural beauty and rich history. Stretching over two miles, this district is a testament to the city's evolution from a modest riverside village to a thriving industrial hub. Whether you're a history enthusiast or simply love exploring charming neighborhoods, Union Street offers a delightful journey through time.
The Union Street Historic District's story begins in the early 19th century, a time when Schenectady was starting to outgrow its colonial roots. The establishment of Union College in 1814 and the completion of the Erie Canal in 1823 were pivotal moments that spurred development along this corridor. As you stroll down Union Street, imagine the vibrant energy of a town on the brink of transformation, with new opportunities beckoning from the east.
One of the most striking aspects of Union Street is its architectural diversity. On the western end, closer to downtown Schenectady, you'll find a mix of pre-1850 commercial, institutional, and residential properties. These buildings, primarily constructed from brick, exude a timeless charm that speaks to the district's early days. As you venture further east, the landscape shifts to a more residential character, with Victorian-style frame houses showcasing the elegance of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Union College played a significant role in shaping the district's development. The college's decision to move to its current campus in 1814 led to the subdivision of land along Union Street. To preserve views of the campus, college president Eliphalet Nott required that houses be set back from the street. This thoughtful planning is still evident today, adding a unique aesthetic to the area. Don't miss the President's House at 709 Union Street, a stunning Gothic Revival home that may have been built for Nott himself.
The arrival of the Schenectady Locomotive Works in 1848 marked another chapter in the district's growth. This industrial boom prompted the construction of workers' housing and essential services like Mercy Hospital and the German Methodist Church. Meanwhile, the eastern blocks began to attract affluent residents, drawn by the area's burgeoning reputation as a desirable residential enclave. The mansion of John Ellis, the locomotive company's president, still stands at 802 Union Street, now serving as the rectory for St. John the Evangelist Church.
In the late 19th century, the rise of General Electric further cemented Union Street's status as a prominent thoroughfare. When Thomas Edison moved his machine works to Schenectady in 1886, the city became a hub of innovation and manufacturing. Many GE executives chose to build their homes along Union Street, contributing to its eclectic architectural landscape. The streetcar line, electrified by GE, once buzzed with the energy of a city on the move.
Today, the Union Street Historic District remains remarkably intact, with little infill disrupting its historic fabric. Designated as one of Schenectady's five local historic districts, it falls under the watchful eye of the city's Historic Commission. This seven-member body ensures that any changes to historic properties visible from public rights-of-way are carefully considered, preserving the district's unique character for future generations.
A visit to the Union Street Historic District is a journey through time. Begin your exploration at the western terminus near the former New York Central Railroad tracks. From there, meander eastward, taking in the architectural gems that line both sides of the street. Be sure to stop by the General Francis Fisk House at 711 Union Street, one of the oldest houses in the district, and admire its Greek Revival style.
No visit would be complete without a stop at St. John the Evangelist Church, built in 1899. Its distinctive 230-foot steel-and-glass spire is a beacon of innovation, reflecting the spirit of Schenectady's industrial past. Nearby, the Willis Hanson Estate offers a glimpse into the opulent lifestyles of the district's early residents, with its Queen Anne architecture and charming carriage house.
In conclusion, the Union Street Historic District is more than just a collection of buildings; it's a living testament to Schenectady's rich history and enduring spirit. Whether you're captivated by its architectural beauty or intrigued by its stories of growth and transformation, a visit to this historic district promises an unforgettable experience. So, lace up your walking shoes and step back in time along the storied streets of Union Street.
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