Taranto Cathedral

Taranto Cathedral, also known as the Cattedrale di San Cataldo, stands as a magnificent testament to the rich history and architectural splendor of Taranto, Italy. This ancient cathedral, dedicated to Saint Cataldus, the patron saint of Taranto, is the oldest Romanesque cathedral in the Apulia region, dating back to the 10th century. Its storied past and stunning design make it a must-visit for anyone exploring the historical treasures of southern Italy.

The History of Taranto Cathedral

The origins of Taranto Cathedral are steeped in history, tracing back to the Byzantine era in the second half of the 10th century. It was during the reconstruction of the city by Emperor Nicephorus II Phocas, after the devastating Saracen raid in 927, that the cathedral was built. The materials used in its construction were repurposed from previous Greek and Roman structures, giving the cathedral a unique blend of ancient elements.

Initially dedicated to Saint Mary Magdalene, the cathedral was later rededicated to Saint Cataldus, an Irish monk who became the bishop of Taranto in the 7th century. The cathedral's Byzantine structure was modified in the late 11th century during the Norman period, incorporating the original central nave of the Byzantine church into the new basilica layout. The Baroque façade, added in 1713 by architect Mauro Manieri, adds another layer of historical and architectural significance to this remarkable building.

Exploring Taranto Cathedral

As you step through the grand entrance of Taranto Cathedral, you are immediately transported back in time. The façade is adorned with statues of saints, including Saint Peter and Saint Mark, and is crowned by a statue of Saint Cataldus. The intricate Baroque details, including floral motifs and twisted columns, are a testament to the craftsmanship of the period.

Inside, the cathedral measures an impressive 84 meters in length and 24 meters in width, with a central nave, two side aisles, and a single-nave transept. The columns that divide the nave are a fascinating mix of styles and materials, reflecting the cathedral's long history of reconstruction and adaptation. Many of the columns are reused from ancient buildings, adding to the cathedral's eclectic charm.

The Chapel of Saint Cataldus

One of the most captivating parts of the cathedral is the Chapel of Saint Cataldus, also known as the Cappellone di San Cataldo. This chapel, constructed in 1151 by Archbishop Giraldo, houses the relics of Saint Cataldus. The chapel is divided into two sections: a vestibule and an elliptical chapel. The vestibule is adorned with polychrome marble and statues of Saint John Gualbert and Saint Joseph, while the chapel itself is a masterpiece of Baroque art, with intricate decorations and a serene atmosphere.

The Crypt and Mosaics

Below the main altar lies the crypt, a somber and sacred space that dates back to the original Byzantine structure. The crypt is a reminder of the cathedral's ancient origins and the many layers of history that have shaped it over the centuries. The walls of the crypt and the cathedral were once richly decorated with stucco and frescoes, though many of these have faded with time.

Visitors can also marvel at the remnants of a 12th-century mosaic floor, created by the mosaicist Petroius under the commission of Archbishop Giraldo. The mosaic, though fragmented, offers a glimpse into the artistic traditions of the time, with intricate designs and symbolic representations of animals and figures.

The Great Hall and the Golden Ceiling

One of the highlights of Taranto Cathedral is the Great Hall, with its stunning coffered ceiling known as the cielo d'oro or golden sky. The original ceiling was destroyed by a fire in 1635, but it was rebuilt in walnut wood and gilded in 1713 by Archbishop Giovanni Battista Stella. The ceiling features 48 panels, each adorned with intricate designs and two wooden statues of Saint Cataldus and the Virgin Mary.

Architectural Marvels

The cathedral's architecture is a blend of styles and periods, reflecting its long and varied history. The Baroque façade, with its statues and ornate details, contrasts with the simpler, more austere Byzantine and Norman elements of the interior. The bell tower, originally constructed in the 12th century, was rebuilt in the 20th century after being damaged by an earthquake in 1456.

The cathedral's altars and chapels are also worth exploring. The Chapel of Saint James, built in 1568, and the Chapel of Saint Martha, erected in 1432, are both beautifully decorated and offer a glimpse into the religious and artistic traditions of their respective periods. The main altar, with its ciborium supported by porphyry columns, is a striking centerpiece, topped by a dome painted with frescoes by Domenico Torti.

A Visit to Remember

Taranto Cathedral is more than just a church; it is a living museum of history, art, and architecture. Each corner of the cathedral tells a story, from the ancient columns and mosaics to the Baroque façade and golden ceiling. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an art lover, or simply a curious traveler, a visit to Taranto Cathedral is an unforgettable experience that offers a deep connection to the past and a profound appreciation for the beauty of human creativity and devotion.