Taunton Castle

Taunton Castle, nestled in the heart of Somerset, England, is a captivating fortress that weaves together centuries of history and architectural splendor. This remarkable stronghold, with its origins tracing back to the Anglo-Saxon period, has stood as a silent witness to the turbulent and transformative events that have shaped the region. Today, it invites visitors to explore its storied past and marvel at its enduring beauty.

The Anglo-Saxon Beginnings

The earliest fortifications at Taunton were established around 710 by King Ine of Wessex and his wife, Æthelburg. Although the initial structure was destroyed twelve years later, it is believed that the current site of Taunton Castle was not the original location of these early defenses. A few years after its destruction, Queen Frithugyth, wife of King Æthelheard of Wessex, founded a minster at Taunton, laying the groundwork for the castle's future significance.

The Norman Transformation

Following the Norman Conquest, the site came under the control of the Bishops of Winchester. Between 1107 and 1129, William Giffard, the Chancellor of King Henry I, converted the bishop's manor into a castle. His successor, Henry of Blois, fortified the structure in 1138 during the civil war known as The Anarchy. By the late 12th century, the castle featured a substantial keep measuring 20 by 30 meters, with a great hall above a vaulted stone crypt. This keep played a crucial role in the defense and administration of the region.

Medieval and Tudor Eras

Taunton Castle continued to evolve throughout the medieval period. In 1216, Bishop Peter des Roches defended the castle during a baronial revolt. By the late 13th century, the castle's gatehouse had likely been constructed, and Bishop Walter Langton made significant alterations, including the addition of a large Tudor-style window and his own coat of arms. The Great Hall, measuring 37 by 9 meters, underwent several modifications over the centuries, blending Norman and Tudor architectural elements.

The Stuart Period and Civil War

By the early 17th century, Taunton Castle had fallen into disrepair. However, it was repaired and fortified during the English Civil War. Taunton became a critical stronghold for the Parliamentarian forces, led by Colonel Robert Blake, who withstood a prolonged siege by Royalist troops from 1644 to 1645. Following the war, the keep was demolished in 1662, leaving only its base, but the castle's legacy as a symbol of resilience endured.

The Bloody Assizes

In 1685, Taunton Castle played a somber role in the aftermath of the Monmouth Rebellion. Judge Jeffreys held the infamous Bloody Assizes in the Great Hall, where over 500 supporters of James Monmouth were tried. Of these, 144 were executed, and their remains were displayed throughout the county as a grim warning against rebellion.

Architectural Evolution

The architecture of Taunton Castle reflects its long and varied history. The Norman keep, once a formidable structure, has largely vanished, but remnants of its walls and foundations remain. The castle's outer bailey, now known as the Green Castle, once served as a prison until the late 17th century. In the late 18th century, Sir Benjamin Hammet undertook significant repairs, adding Georgian elements and transforming the castle into a more habitable space.

The Modern Era

In 1873, the castle was acquired by the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society, which undertook extensive renovations to preserve its historical significance. The Great Hall was restored and repurposed as the main exhibition space for the Somerset Museum. Today, the castle houses the Museum of Somerset, which opened in September 2011 after a £7 million renovation funded in part by the Heritage Lottery Fund.

Exploring Taunton Castle Today

Visitors to Taunton Castle can immerse themselves in its rich history through the exhibits and displays at the Museum of Somerset. The Great Hall, with its impressive architecture and historical artifacts, offers a glimpse into the lives of those who once inhabited this storied fortress. The museum's collections include everything from prehistoric artifacts to contemporary art, providing a comprehensive overview of Somerset's heritage.

A Journey Through Time

As you wander through the castle's grounds, you'll encounter remnants of its medieval past, including the gatehouse and sections of the original walls. The castle's picturesque setting, surrounded by lush gardens and ancient trees, adds to its charm and allure. Whether you're a history enthusiast or simply looking for a beautiful and educational day out, Taunton Castle offers a fascinating journey through time.

In conclusion, Taunton Castle stands as a testament to the resilience and enduring spirit of Somerset. Its walls have witnessed centuries of conflict, transformation, and renewal, making it a must-visit destination for anyone seeking to explore the rich tapestry of England's history. As you explore this remarkable fortress, you'll be transported back in time, gaining a deeper appreciation for the events and people that have shaped this iconic landmark.