San Francesco, known locally as Chiesa di San Francesco, is a captivating historical church located in the heart of Treviso, Italy. This architectural gem offers visitors a glimpse into the rich tapestry of religious and cultural history that has shaped the region over centuries. Nestled in a serene part of the city, the church stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of the Franciscan order and the artistic brilliance of the medieval era.
The story of San Francesco begins in the early 13th century when a small group of Franciscan friars arrived in Treviso, sent by none other than St. Francis of Assisi himself. These humble friars settled in the northeastern part of the city, beyond the Cagnan Grande, where they established a modest convent and chapel dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The land, as tradition holds, was graciously granted by the Da Camino family.
As the Franciscan community flourished, the need for a larger place of worship became apparent. In 1231, the construction of the church and convent commenced, generously supported by the local government with a donation of a thousand lire. By 1270, the magnificent structures were completed, with significant contributions from notable families such as the Da Camino, who sought to atone for past transgressions.
Throughout its history, San Francesco has been a spiritual home for many of Treviso's prominent families, housing private chapels and tombs. However, its journey has not been without challenges. In 1797, the church faced occupation by French forces, leading to the expulsion of the friars. By 1806, it was repurposed for military use, and its grand cloisters were demolished. It wasn't until 1928, after extensive restoration, that the church reopened, once again entrusted to the Franciscan friars for pastoral care.
San Francesco's architecture is a harmonious blend of Romanesque and early Gothic styles, attributed to the Franciscan friar Benvenuto delle Celle. The church's austere yet elegant façade is adorned with pilasters crowned by small arches, and features a Byzantine-style fresco above the portal.
The church is designed in the shape of a Latin cross, with a single, expansive nave covered by a wooden ceiling reminiscent of a ship's hull. On the right side, a series of five chapels, united to form a smaller nave, are topped with masonry cross vaults, creating a rhythmic sequence of bays.
Inside San Francesco, art enthusiasts will find a treasure trove of medieval masterpieces. The portal's lunette boasts a Byzantine fresco, attributed to Marco Veneziano, dating back to the early 14th century. A massive fresco of St. Christopher graces the left wall, a Romanesque-Byzantine work from the late 1200s.
The apse's main chapel ceiling is adorned with frescoes depicting the Four Evangelists, the Stigmata of St. Francis, and a Madonna with Child, crafted by a Venetian-Emilian artist, likely a disciple of Tommaso da Modena. In the first chapel on the left, visitors can admire Tommaso da Modena's exquisite fresco of the Madonna and Child with seven saints, a testament to the refined Gothic style of the 1350s.
The church also serves as the final resting place for notable figures such as Pietro Alighieri, Dante's son, and Francesca Petrarca, daughter of the famous poet Petrarch. Their tombs, adorned with intricate inscriptions and artwork, add to the church's historical significance.
Today, San Francesco remains a cherished landmark in Treviso, attracting visitors with its serene ambiance and rich historical narratives. The church's exterior features a contemporary statue of St. Francis by sculptor Roberto Cremesini, welcoming all who enter.
Music enthusiasts will appreciate the church's Mascioni pipe organ, built in 1960, which continues to fill the sacred space with melodious hymns. The organ's electric transmission and dual keyboards make it a modern marvel within this ancient setting.
Whether you are a history buff, an art lover, or simply seeking a moment of reflection, San Francesco offers a unique and enriching experience. Its walls echo stories of devotion, artistry, and resilience, making it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the charming city of Treviso.
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