Old Great Square

Step into the heart of Turku, Finland, and you'll find yourself transported back in time at the Old Great Square, known locally as Vanha Suurtori. This historical gem, nestled in Turku's old center, is a captivating blend of medieval charm and cultural vibrancy, making it a must-visit for any traveler exploring the region.

The Historical Significance of the Old Great Square

The Old Great Square has been a central hub of activity in Finland for centuries. Its origins can be traced back to the early 14th century, following the devastating attack and burning of Turku in 1318. The square was strategically located at the intersection of important trade routes, including the Hämeen härkätie from Häme, the road from Satakunta, and the coastal road from Viipuri. This made it a bustling center of commerce and a vital point for travelers and traders alike.

In its early days, the square was elongated, measuring approximately 80 meters in length during the Middle Ages and extending to nearly 120 meters by the 18th century. The width of the square was around 25-27 meters. The northern end of the square was home to the city's town hall, while the southern end was marked by the majestic Turku Cathedral. The square's design, influenced by foreign models, especially from Tartu and North German cities, reflected Turku's significant trade connections with these regions.

Architectural Marvels and Historical Buildings

Today, the Old Great Square is flanked by four historically significant buildings: Brinkkala, the Old Town Hall, Hjelt House, and Juselius House. These structures, primarily from the post-Great Fire of Turku era, showcase the neoclassical architectural style that emerged in the city after the devastating fire of 1827.

Brinkkala, perhaps the most famous of these buildings, is known for its balcony from which the Christmas Peace declaration is read every year, a tradition dating back to the 14th century. The Old Town Hall, with its stately presence, served as the administrative center of Turku for many years. Hjelt House and Juselius House, with their elegant facades, add to the architectural splendor of the square.

A Hub of Commerce and Culture

Throughout its history, the Old Great Square was not just a place of governance but also a bustling market area. From as early as the 15th century, stone granaries lined the square, storing goods and wares for trade. The earliest mention of these granaries dates back to 1414, highlighting the square's long-standing role in commerce. The weighing house, located near the town hall, was where goods were weighed and measured before being sold, ensuring fair trade practices.

In addition to its commercial significance, the square was also a cultural and social hub. The guild house of St. Nicholas, mentioned in documents as early as 1355, was located nearby, indicating the presence of various guilds and their activities in the area. The square was a melting pot of different cultures and languages, with Finnish, Swedish, German, and Latin being commonly spoken.

The Great Fire of Turku and Its Aftermath

The Great Fire of Turku in 1827 was a turning point in the history of the Old Great Square. The fire destroyed much of the city, including many of the buildings around the square. In the aftermath, the northern blocks of the square were transformed into Porthan Park, named after the renowned Finnish scholar Henrik Gabriel Porthan. The reconstruction efforts led to the creation of the neoclassical buildings that we see today, giving the square its current appearance.

A Cultural Epicenter in Modern Times

Today, the Old Great Square continues to be a vibrant cultural epicenter. The historic buildings have been repurposed for cultural use, hosting various events, exhibitions, and performances throughout the year. The square comes alive during festivals and special occasions, drawing locals and tourists alike to its charming cobblestone streets.

One of the most anticipated events is the Medieval Market, held annually in July. This event transforms the square into a bustling medieval marketplace, complete with vendors, artisans, and performers dressed in period costumes. It's a delightful experience that offers a glimpse into the past and celebrates Turku's rich history.

Exploring the Old Great Square

Visitors to the Old Great Square can enjoy a leisurely stroll through its historic streets, taking in the architectural beauty and historical significance of the area. The proximity to Turku Cathedral adds to the charm, offering a chance to explore one of Finland's most important religious sites. The square's location along the Aura River also provides picturesque views and a serene atmosphere.

Whether you're a history enthusiast, architecture lover, or simply looking to soak in the local culture, the Old Great Square in Turku is a destination that promises to captivate and inspire. Its rich history, stunning architecture, and vibrant cultural scene make it a true gem in the heart of Finland's oldest city.