Béguinage Turnhout

The Béguinage Turnhout, known locally as Begijnhof Turnhout, is a hidden gem nestled in the heart of the Belgian province of Antwerp. This serene and picturesque enclave, founded in the 13th century, offers a tranquil escape from the hustle and bustle of modern life. As you step through its historic gates, you are transported back in time to an era where the Béguines, a semi-monastic community of women, lived and worked in this self-contained village.

The History of Béguinage Turnhout

The origins of Béguinage Turnhout are shrouded in mystery, with the earliest records dating back to 1340. However, it is believed that the Béguinage was established in the 13th century, possibly with the support of the Dukes of Brabant. Throughout its history, the Béguinage experienced periods of prosperity and hardship. The 15th and 17th centuries marked times of significant growth and development, leading to the construction of the baroque church that still stands today.

During the French occupation in the late 18th century, the Béguinage suffered greatly. The church was temporarily converted into a Temple of Reason, reflecting the anti-religious sentiments of the time. Despite these challenges, the Béguinage saw several revival efforts in the 19th century, including the construction of a Lourdes grotto and the Chapel of the Holy Face.

The 20th century brought further decline, and by the end of the century, the Béguinage had all but disappeared. However, in 1998, the Béguinage Turnhout was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, ensuring its preservation for future generations. Today, the site is protected under multiple heritage conservation regulations, with the most recent designation in May 2014.

Exploring Béguinage Turnhout

As you wander through the Béguinage, you will be captivated by its unique layout and charming architecture. The Béguinage is arranged in a roughly trapezoidal shape, with a long central courtyard flanked by rows of quaint houses. The cobblestone paths, lined with ivy and hedges, lead you through a peaceful landscape of lawns, flower beds, and ancient trees.

One of the highlights of the Béguinage is the baroque church, built in the mid-17th century. This beautiful structure, dedicated to the Holy Cross, features a mix of baroque and gothic elements and is constructed from traditional brick. The church stands as a testament to the Béguines' devotion and the architectural styles of the time.

Another notable feature is the Lourdes grotto, a picturesque artificial rock formation created in 1876. Designed by Frans Loyens and executed by M. Blaton-Aubert from Brussels, the grotto is adorned with a galvanized iron fence and offers a serene spot for reflection and prayer.

The Houses and Gardens

The houses of the Béguinage are a delightful blend of architectural styles, reflecting the various periods of construction and renovation. Most of the buildings are two-story brick houses with gabled roofs, typical of the Kempen region's architecture. Due to the scarcity of natural stone, the houses were primarily built using brick, with wooden cross-frames for windows and doors. These features give the Béguinage a distinctive and charming character.

Many of the houses have their own private gardens, adding to the overall sense of tranquility and seclusion. The central courtyard is dotted with three pumps, a Calvary with a statue of Mary Magdalene, and a chapel dedicated to Christ in repose. These elements, combined with the lush greenery and historic buildings, create a peaceful and contemplative atmosphere.

The Monumental Gatehouse

The main entrance to the Béguinage is a grand early-classical gatehouse dating back to 1700. This impressive structure, located on Oude Vaartstraat, welcomes visitors with its stately presence and hints at the rich history within. On the north side, near Sint-Beggaplein, you will find a simpler brick archway, providing another point of entry into this enchanting world.

A Living Heritage

Today, the Béguinage Turnhout is owned and managed by the welfare association OCMW, which has leased the houses for long-term use. This arrangement ensures that the Béguinage remains a vibrant and lived-in community, preserving its historical and cultural significance for future generations.

Visiting Béguinage Turnhout is like stepping into a living museum, where history, architecture, and nature come together in perfect harmony. Whether you are a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply seeking a peaceful retreat, the Béguinage Turnhout offers a unique and unforgettable experience.

In conclusion, the Béguinage Turnhout is not just a historical site; it is a testament to the resilience and spirit of the Béguines who once called it home. Its well-preserved buildings and tranquil gardens invite visitors to explore and reflect on the rich history and cultural heritage of this remarkable place. A visit to Béguinage Turnhout is a journey back in time, offering a glimpse into a world where faith, community, and architecture intertwined to create a lasting legacy.