Vázquez de Molina Square

Vázquez de Molina Square, or Plaza Vázquez de Molina as it's known locally, is a dazzling gem in the heart of Úbeda, Spain. This square is one of the finest examples of Renaissance urbanism in the country, and it has rightfully earned its place as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The square, with its trapezoidal layout, is a harmonious blend of historical grandeur and architectural splendor, making it an unmissable destination for any traveler exploring the region.

The Historical Genesis of Vázquez de Molina Square

Vázquez de Molina Square has a rich and fascinating history that traces back to the 15th century. Originally, the area was a deep ravine at the foot of the Postigo del Alcázar, through which the Azacaya stream flowed. However, as the noble class began to leave the Alcázar in the early 16th century, the land was leveled, marking the beginning of a new urban heart for Úbeda. The materials from the demolished Alcázar were repurposed, creating a broad, flat space that would soon become the iconic square we see today.

By the mid-16th century, the square had transformed into a bustling hub, with significant constructions contrasting against the more modest homes. The visionaries behind this transformation, including Gil de Valencia, Diego López de Sanmartín, and Francisco Vela de los Cobos, ensured that the city reclaimed and redeveloped the sold plots, leading to the creation of a nearly rectangular space. However, the construction of the granary in the center of the square led to a shift in alignment, resulting in its current L-shaped configuration. Within three decades, the square was adorned with magnificent buildings, primarily driven by the Molina-Cobos family lineage.

The Monumental Ensemble of Vázquez de Molina Square

The square is a treasure trove of Renaissance architecture, with each building telling its own unique story. Let's take a closer look at some of the standout structures that grace Vázquez de Molina Square:

Palace of the Dean Ortega

This Renaissance masterpiece, attributed to the renowned architect Andrés de Vandelvira, is now a Parador de Turismo, one of Spain's historic inns. The palace boasts a serene courtyard with a blend of Renaissance and Nasrid columns, offering a glimpse into the opulent past of the region. Its location directly opposite the Sacra Capilla del Salvador adds to its allure.

Ruins of Don Rodrigo Orozco's Palace

Recently unearthed, these ruins lie along one side of the square, aligning with the Palace of Mancera. The palace, believed to have been a grand two-story structure with a wide staircase, was likely halted mid-construction due to financial constraints. Today, archaeologists eagerly await further excavations to reveal more of its hidden history.

Vázquez de Molina Palace

Also known as the Palace of the Chains, this National Monument now serves as the town hall. Commissioned by Juan Vázquez de Molina, a prominent figure in the court of Philip II, the palace is another testament to Vandelvira's architectural prowess. Its Renaissance façade, adorned with atlantes and caryatids, and the grand cornice supported by two slender lanterns, are truly captivating. The palace also houses the Center for Renaissance Interpretation, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts.

Palace of the Marquis of Mancera

Constructed in the 16th century by the Molina Valenzuela brothers, this palace later became the residence of Pedro de Toledo, Marquis of Mancera and Viceroy of Peru. The palace's unique west-facing façade, divided into two floors and crowned by the Tower of the Treasurer, features a relief of the infant Jesus embracing the cross, flanked by cherubs and skulls, adding a touch of mystique to the square.

Ancient Granary

Built in the 17th century to store grain, this building now houses the National Police headquarters. Its historical significance and adaptive reuse make it an interesting stop on your tour of the square.

Bishop's Prison

Originally used for ecclesiastical punishments, this building has been controversially restored and now serves as Úbeda's courthouse. During its renovation, remnants of a Celtic necropolis dating back to 1200-1400 BC were discovered, adding another layer of historical intrigue to the site.

Church of Santa María de los Reales Alcázares

This National Monument, built on the remains of the main mosque, is a striking example of eclectic architecture. The façade, featuring the Adoration of the Shepherds, is framed by two bell towers. Despite severe damage during the Civil War, the church has been meticulously restored and reopened in 2011, standing as a testament to the resilience of Úbeda's heritage.

Sacra Capilla del Salvador

The crown jewel of Vázquez de Molina Square, this National Monument is the visual focal point of the ensemble. Commissioned by Francisco de los Cobos as his mausoleum, the chapel is an icon of the city. Its onion-domed tower, intricate Plateresque façade depicting the Transfiguration and mythological scenes, and the warm hue of the local limestone, make it a sight to behold, especially when illuminated at night. Inside, the chapel houses a rotunda for the nobility, a nave for the public, and a richly decorated sacristy, considered one of the pinnacles of Spanish Renaissance art.

Vázquez de Molina Square is not just a collection of buildings; it's a living museum that encapsulates the spirit of Renaissance Spain. Each corner, façade, and stone tells a story of a bygone era, making it an essential destination for anyone visiting Úbeda. Whether you're an architecture aficionado, a history buff, or simply a curious traveler, this square promises an unforgettable journey through time.