Nestled in the heart of Urbana, Illinois, the University of Illinois round barns are a testament to architectural innovation and agricultural history. These unique structures have stood the test of time, offering a glimpse into the past while continuing to inspire future generations. A visit to these barns is not just a journey through history, but an exploration of the ingenuity that defined early 20th-century farming in the Midwest.
The story of the University of Illinois round barns begins with the Agricultural Experiment Station, established in 1888. This was a time when innovation in agriculture was crucial, and the round barns were at the forefront of this movement. Inspired by the designs of Benton Steele and others, these barns were part of a broader initiative to improve efficiency and productivity in farming.
Eugene Davenport, who became Dean of the College of Agriculture in 1899, played a pivotal role in the development of these barns. Under his leadership, the college expanded its focus, and the round barns became a symbol of this new era. The first barn, known as the Twenty Acre Dairy Barn, was constructed in 1907-08, followed by the Dairy Horse Barn in 1910 and the Dairy Experiment Barn around 1912. Each barn incorporated the latest advancements in design and construction, showcasing the university's commitment to agricultural progress.
Visitors to the University of Illinois round barns can expect a unique experience that combines history, architecture, and agriculture. The barns are not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing, with their circular design offering a distinct contrast to the more traditional rectangular barns. This design was not just for show; it was intended to improve labor efficiency and withstand the harsh Midwest weather.
The Twenty Acre Dairy Barn, the earliest of the three, is a prime example of a banked barn. Its structure is partially embedded into a hillside, providing natural insulation and protection. Inside, the barn features a central silo that extends from the basement to the roof, a design choice that maximized storage and space utilization.
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The University of Illinois round barns are more than just historical relics; they are a significant part of American agricultural history. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, these barns represent a period of innovation and change in the Midwest. Their construction was part of a larger movement by Agricultural Experiment Stations to promote round barn design due to its efficiency and durability.
The influence of these barns extended beyond Illinois, inspiring farmers across the Midwest to adopt the round barn model. Publications from the university's Agricultural Experiment Station helped spread the word, and soon, round barns were a common sight in states like Indiana and Illinois.
The architectural design of the round barns was the brainchild of James M. White and the firm Kell & Bernard. Each barn was constructed with care and precision, incorporating the latest engineering techniques of the time. The Dairy Horse Barn, built in 1910, was particularly notable for its construction without scaffolding, a testament to the advanced techniques employed by the builders.
The largest and most expensive of the three, the Dairy Experiment Barn, featured a 70-foot diameter and a unique wing design that allowed for additional cattle storage. This barn, like its counterparts, was partially embedded in a hillside, offering both aesthetic appeal and practical benefits.
Today, the University of Illinois round barns stand as a tribute to the university's rich agricultural heritage. They are a must-see for anyone interested in architecture, history, or agriculture. As you explore these remarkable structures, you'll gain an appreciation for the innovation and foresight that characterized early 20th-century farming.
Whether you're a history enthusiast or simply looking for a unique experience, the round barns of Urbana offer a fascinating glimpse into the past. Their story is one of progress, resilience, and the enduring spirit of the American farmer. So, take a step back in time and discover the charm and significance of these architectural gems.
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