Växjö Cathedral

Växjö Cathedral, known locally as Växjö domkyrka, stands as a magnificent testament to the rich history and architectural evolution of the small yet vibrant city of Växjö in Sweden. This stunning cathedral, with its distinctive red exterior and twin spires piercing the sky, is not only a religious center but also a symbol of the city's enduring spirit and cultural heritage.

The Origins and Early History of Växjö Cathedral

The origins of Växjö Cathedral are steeped in legend. It is said that Saint Sigfrid of Sweden, an English missionary, chose Växjö as the site to build a cathedral. According to the legend, he was also buried within the cathedral he founded. While the accuracy of this legend is debatable, it is likely that a wooden church existed on this site as early as the 11th century, during the Christianization of Scandinavia.

Archaeological evidence supports this, with 11th-century coins and a preserved Christian runestone found during excavations. The Diocese of Växjö was established in the late 1160s, and around this time, the construction of a stone church began, likely built around the existing wooden structure. This early stone church laid the foundation for what would become the Växjö Cathedral we see today.

Medieval Transformations and Turmoil

Throughout the Middle Ages, Växjö Cathedral underwent significant transformations. The original stone church was expanded and modified multiple times. The tower, damaged by fire in the late 13th century during conflicts involving King Valdemar of Sweden, was rebuilt with funds provided by the repentant king. The choir and apse were also reconstructed into a square choir and transept.

In the 14th century, a sacristy and additional chapels were added, reflecting the growing importance of the cathedral. By the end of the century, the cathedral's shape had become quite irregular due to the successive additions. Major changes in the 15th century unified the various parts of the church into a single hall church, and the tower was raised, possibly acquiring double spires as depicted in historical altarpieces.

Post-Reformation Changes and Challenges

With the Reformation, Växjö Cathedral transitioned to a Lutheran place of worship, losing many of its previous sources of income. The cathedral faced numerous challenges, including being plundered and burnt by Danish troops in 1570. King John III of Sweden granted tax reprieves to aid in the cathedral's repair, which took six years to complete.

In 1612, Danish troops again used the cathedral as their quarters, causing significant damage. Further calamities struck in 1740 when lightning ignited a fire that destroyed the roof and upper tower. The subsequent repairs lasted into the 1770s, with the medieval roof replaced by a hipped roof and the twin spires substituted with a single tower in a Classical style designed by Carl Hårleman and Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz.

19th and 20th Century Renovations

Concerns about fire safety led to a major renovation in the mid-19th century under architect Carl Georg Brunius, who introduced significant changes to the cathedral's exterior. The nave and choir were placed under a low gable roof, and the tower and choir were decorated with stepped gables, inspired by German architecture and medieval city churches in Scania.

Further interior redecoration occurred in 1898–99 under architect Carl Möller. This included the installation of stained glass windows, new Gothic Revival furnishings, and murals, giving the cathedral a consistent medievalist appearance. By the mid-20th century, the need for repairs led to another major renovation under architect Kurt von Schmalensee, who aimed to recreate the cathedral's medieval appearance. This included new floors, strengthened walls and vaults, a new southern portal, altered windows, and the addition of two new spires.

Modern-Day Växjö Cathedral

Today, Växjö Cathedral stands proudly at the outskirts of Växjö's oldest part, surrounded by a park laid out in 1879. The cathedral's striking red exterior and twin spires make it a prominent landmark. Inside, visitors can admire the modern works of art, many of which are made of glass, reflecting the cathedral's blend of historical and contemporary influences.

Växjö Cathedral is not only a place of worship but also a cultural hub, hosting concerts, exhibitions, and other events. Its rich history, architectural beauty, and serene surroundings make it a must-visit destination for anyone exploring the charming city of Växjö. Whether you're a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply seeking a moment of tranquility, Växjö Cathedral offers a unique and enriching experience.