Cathedral of María Inmaculada of Vitoria

The Cathedral of María Inmaculada of Vitoria, also known locally as Catedral de María Inmaculada de Vitoria, stands as a testament to the city’s rich history and architectural ambition. Nestled in the heart of the bustling Lovaina neighborhood in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, this magnificent structure, popularly referred to as the New Cathedral, offers a striking contrast to the older, medieval Cathedral of Santa María, known as the Old Cathedral. The New Cathedral’s neogothic style and grandiose scale make it one of the most remarkable religious edifices in Spain.

The Genesis of a Grand Vision

The story of the Cathedral of María Inmaculada of Vitoria begins in the mid-19th century, with the establishment of the Diocese of Vitoria in 1862, encompassing the Basque provinces. The Old Cathedral, while historic, was deemed insufficient in size and accessibility for the burgeoning diocese. Thus, the need for a new, grander cathedral was recognized. In 1906, a design competition was held, favoring the neogothic style, and was won by architects Julián de Apraiz and Javier de Luque.

Early Construction Efforts (1907-1914)

Construction commenced on August 4, 1907, on the site of the former Brígidas convent, adjacent to the picturesque Florida Park. The groundbreaking ceremony was a grand affair, attended by King Alfonso XIII, Queen Victoria Eugenia, and other dignitaries. The initial phase of construction progressed rapidly, with contributions from artisans across Spain and abroad, many of whom brought influences from the modernist movement.

However, by March 1914, the project faced financial difficulties, having exceeded its initial budget of 5 million pesetas. At this point, only the crypt, the lower sections of the pillars, and parts of the exterior walls had been completed. Construction halted, leaving the site abandoned for over three decades.

Resumption and Completion (1946-1969)

Post-Spanish Civil War, construction resumed in 1946 under the guidance of Bishop Carmelo Ballester Nieto and architects Miguel de Apraiz Barreiro and Antonio Camuñas Paredes. This phase saw the incorporation of modern building techniques, utilizing concrete and artificial stone to reduce costs. Despite these efforts, many planned architectural elements and decorative features were omitted.

By 1969, the cathedral was sufficiently complete to be consecrated, albeit without the originally planned twin towers and other elaborate decorations. The consecration ceremony was a significant event, attended by high-ranking church officials and the Spanish head of state, General Franco.

Architectural Marvel

The Cathedral of María Inmaculada of Vitoria boasts impressive dimensions, with five longitudinal naves, a three-nave transept, and a double-aisled ambulatory with seven radiating chapels. Its Latin cross floor plan spans 118 meters in length and 62 meters in width, making it the second-largest church in Spain after Seville Cathedral.

The exterior is adorned with rich neogothic sculptures, particularly on the apse and the crypt. These sculptures, which blend religious iconography with fantastical and satirical elements, are a testament to the artistic creativity of the period. The main façade, though lacking its intended towers, features three grand pointed arches and a large rose window, flanked by slender pinnacles and detailed reliefs.

Interior Splendor

Inside, the cathedral’s grandeur continues with its soaring columns and intricate stained glass windows. The crypt, completed in the early construction phase, is particularly noteworthy for its elaborate stone carvings and serene atmosphere. The ambulatory chapels and the choir area also feature significant sculptural works, many of which were completed during the later construction phases.

The cathedral is also home to the Diocesan Museum of Sacred Art of Álava, which houses an extensive collection of religious artifacts, including paintings, sculptures, and liturgical objects. This museum offers visitors a deeper understanding of the region’s religious and artistic heritage.

A Living Monument

Despite its incomplete state, the Cathedral of María Inmaculada of Vitoria remains a vibrant center of worship and community life. Regular services are held in both the main sanctuary and the crypt, which also serves as a parish church. The cathedral’s spacious interior and serene ambiance make it a popular venue for religious ceremonies and cultural events.

For visitors to Vitoria-Gasteiz, the Cathedral of María Inmaculada of Vitoria is a must-see. Its towering neogothic architecture, rich artistic heritage, and storied history offer a unique glimpse into the city’s past and present. Whether you are an architecture enthusiast, a history buff, or simply seeking a moment of reflection, this magnificent cathedral promises an unforgettable experience.