In the heart of Zadar, Croatia, nestled within the Church of Saint Simeon, lies a treasure of unparalleled historical and artistic significance: the Chest of Saint Simeon, locally known as Škrinja sv. Šimuna. This exquisite cedarwood sarcophagus, adorned with silver and silver-gilt plaques, is not just a relic holder but a masterpiece of medieval craftsmanship, celebrated for its intricate detailing and historical narrative.
The story of the Chest of Saint Simeon is steeped in legend and mystery. It is said that the relics of Saint Simeon, originally housed in Syria, were transported to Constantinople between 565 and 568 AD. From there, they journeyed to Venice in 1203, only to find their final resting place in Zadar under rather miraculous circumstances. According to tradition, a Venetian merchant, caught in a storm off the Dalmatian coast, sought refuge in Zadar. To protect the relics, he buried them in a local cemetery. Falling gravely ill, he revealed the secret to monks who were caring for him. The monks, guided by a shared dream, unearthed the sarcophagus and, recognizing its sanctity, ensured that Saint Simeon's remains stayed in Zadar, thus beginning the saint's veneration in the city.
One of the most intriguing tales associated with the Chest of Saint Simeon involves Elizabeth of Bosnia, Queen of Hungary and Croatia. In 1371, during a visit to Zadar, the queen allegedly broke off a piece of Saint Simeon's finger and hid it in her dress. However, the finger began to decompose rapidly, and she was compelled to return it. To atone for her actions, Elizabeth commissioned a magnificent shrine, rich in gold and silver, to house the saint's relics. The chest, crafted between 1377 and 1380 by the Milanese goldsmith Francesco di Antonio da Sesto and local artisans, stands as a testament to her penance and devotion.
The Chest of Saint Simeon is a rectangular masterpiece, measuring 1.92 meters in length, 62.5 centimeters in width, and 1.27 meters in height, including its saddle-shaped lid. The chest is elevated above the main altar, supported by four bronze angels forged from 17th-century Turkish cannons. The exterior is covered with 240 kilograms of pure silver and a significant amount of gold, showcasing the high level of craftsmanship of the era.
The front of the chest features relief compositions depicting scenes from Saint Simeon's life, death, and ascension. These intricate carvings are separated by columns topped with angelic heads, adding to the chest's divine aura. The interior is equally impressive, with reliefs representing the patron saints of Zadar and three miracles attributed to Saint Simeon. The lid is adorned with high-relief depictions of the saint and the arms of Anjou, along with other symbolic elements, all richly decorated.
The Chest of Saint Simeon is not just an artistic marvel but also a significant historical artifact. It reflects the political and religious dynamics of the time, particularly the rivalry between Zadar and Venice over the authenticity of Saint Simeon's relics. The chest also highlights the advanced state of goldsmithing in the 14th century, with contributions from renowned artisans like Stjepan Martinič of Zadar.
The chest's Latin inscription, which translates to Simeon the Righteous, holding Jesus, born of a virgin, in his arms, rests in peace in this chest, commissioned by the Queen of Hungary, mighty, glorious and majestic Elizabeth the Younger, in the year 1380. This is the work of Francis of Milan, further cements its historical importance. It serves as a reminder of the queen's devotion and the artistry of the craftsmen who brought her vision to life.
Today, the Chest of Saint Simeon remains a revered relic, attracting pilgrims and tourists alike. Every year on October 8th, the chest is displayed to the public, allowing visitors to glimpse the mummified body of Saint Simeon, crowned with silver and enclosed behind transparent glass. This annual event is a significant occasion in Zadar, reflecting the enduring legacy of Saint Simeon and the chest that holds his relics.
In 2007, the Archbishop of Zadar and the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem agreed to share a piece of Saint Simeon's relics with the Patriarchate of Jerusalem. A small silver reliquary containing a particle of the saint's body was handed over during a solemn ceremony, further extending the saint's veneration beyond Zadar.
For anyone visiting Zadar, the Chest of Saint Simeon is a must-see attraction. It offers a glimpse into the city's rich history, artistic heritage, and spiritual significance. As you stand before this magnificent chest, you can't help but be awed by its intricate details, the stories it holds, and the devotion it inspires. Whether you're a history buff, an art enthusiast, or a spiritual seeker, the Chest of Saint Simeon is sure to leave a lasting impression.
In conclusion, the Chest of Saint Simeon is more than just a relic holder; it is a symbol of faith, artistry, and history. Its intricate carvings, rich materials, and the legends surrounding it make it a unique and fascinating piece of medieval art. As you explore the Church of Saint Simeon and admire this exquisite chest, you'll be transported back in time, experiencing the legacy of Saint Simeon and the devotion of those who honored him.
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