's-Gravenhof

In the heart of Zutphen, a city rich in history and charm, lies the 's-Gravenhof, a square that stands as a testament to centuries of Dutch history. Known locally as 's Gravenhof, this is the oldest square in the Netherlands, with origins dating back to around 890. As you stroll through this historic space, you can almost hear the echoes of the past, from medieval markets to grand ceremonies.

The History of 's-Gravenhof

The story of 's-Gravenhof begins in the 9th century when Zutphen became a comital administrative center. The square was the site of a large wooden hall belonging to the counts of Hamaland, surrounded by bustling activity including metalworking. The area was fortified in response to Viking attacks in 882, leading to the creation of a ring wall and moat. Over time, this fortified area evolved into an open space used for markets and judicial proceedings, a tradition that continued for centuries.

Archaeological excavations in the mid-20th century and the 1990s uncovered remnants of Zutphen's medieval past, including evidence of the Viking attacks. The foundations of a palatial aula from the 11th century were discovered, believed to have been constructed by Bishop Bernold of Utrecht for Emperor Henry III. This aula, along with other structures, formed a significant part of Zutphen's medieval landscape until their decline in the 14th century.

Exploring 's-Gravenhof Today

Today, 's-Gravenhof is a vibrant area surrounded by historical buildings and monuments. The square's cobblestone paving, possibly dating back to the 17th century, adds to its old-world charm. Visitors can explore several notable sites around the square, each with its own unique story.

The St. Walburgis Church, a stunning example of Romanesque architecture, dominates the landscape. Built in the 11th century and modified over the centuries, it stands as a symbol of Zutphen's ecclesiastical heritage. Nearby, the Schelpenkoepel, a shell grotto built in 1697, showcases intricate designs crafted from over 10,000 shells.

Architectural Marvels

Among the architectural gems is the Hof van Heeckeren, a noble residence dating back to the 14th century. This building now houses the Musea Zutphen, offering visitors a glimpse into the city's rich history through art and artifacts. Another remarkable structure is Huize van de Kasteele, originally a medieval noble house, transformed over the centuries into a hotel.

The square is also home to the Stedelijk Gymnasium, a building that has served various roles, including a police station and a restaurant. Its historical façade adds to the eclectic architectural mix that makes 's-Gravenhof so captivating.

The Wilhelmina Tree

At the center of 's-Gravenhof stands the Wilhelmina Tree, planted in 1898 to commemorate the coronation of Queen Wilhelmina. This tree, replaced in 1978, serves as a living monument to Dutch history and royal heritage. It provides a focal point for the square, inviting visitors to pause and reflect on the passage of time.

A Square Steeped in Tradition

For centuries, 's-Gravenhof was the site of the annual feudal court of the County of Zutphen, a tradition that harkens back to medieval times. This deep-rooted history is palpable as you walk across the square, imagining the grand assemblies and vibrant markets that once took place here.

Modern-Day 's-Gravenhof

While 's-Gravenhof is a historical treasure, it also serves a practical purpose in modern Zutphen. The square functions as a parking area, a decision that has sparked discussions about preserving its historical integrity. Efforts to make the square car-free have been ongoing, reflecting the community's desire to honor its heritage while accommodating contemporary needs.

In conclusion, 's-Gravenhof is more than just a square; it is a living museum of Zutphen's past. Its cobblestones, buildings, and monuments tell stories of a time long gone yet vividly remembered. Whether you're a history enthusiast or a casual traveler, a visit to 's-Gravenhof offers a unique journey through time, making it an essential stop in the picturesque city of Zutphen.