Osterstein Castle

Osterstein Castle, known locally as Schloss Osterstein, stands majestically in the northeastern part of Zwickau's old town, near the Zwickauer Mulde River. This historic edifice, once a symbol of power and prestige for the Wettin dynasty, now serves as a fascinating reminder of the region's rich and tumultuous history.

The Origins of Osterstein Castle

The origins of Osterstein Castle trace back to the late 12th or early 13th century. Initially, a smaller fortified structure, it evolved into a significant margravial castle during the 13th and 14th centuries. The first recorded mention of the castle, although disputed, dates to 1292 as Castrum Czwickaw. The 1403 city fire severely damaged the castle, leading to its reconstruction under Margrave William I of Meissen between 1404 and 1407.

Transformation Through the Ages

Throughout its history, Osterstein Castle has undergone numerous transformations. In the early 16th century, it temporarily housed the Zwickau mint and served as a ducal residence for Johann the Steadfast during the plague in Weimar. Martin Luther is said to have preached at the castle in 1522, underscoring its importance during the Reformation.

By the late 16th century, the castle had adopted the name Schloss Weißenstein. Under Elector Christian I, it was transformed into a splendid Renaissance palace between 1587 and 1590, based on plans by master builder Hans Irmisch. However, the Thirty Years' War left the castle in ruins by 1632, rendering it uninhabitable for thirty years.

A Dark Chapter: From Palace to Prison

In the late 18th century, Osterstein Castle's role shifted dramatically. Between 1770 and 1775, it was converted into a penitentiary, later known as Zuchthaus Zwickau. The castle's grim new purpose saw it house numerous notable prisoners, including Karl May, August Bebel, Rosa Luxemburg, and Martin Hoop. During the Nazi era, it briefly served as a concentration camp in 1933 before reverting to a penitentiary until 1945. The castle continued to function as a prison during the GDR period, incarcerating political dissidents until December 31, 1962.

Decay and Revival

Following its closure as a prison, parts of Osterstein Castle fell into disrepair. Various attempts at restoration and repurposing failed throughout the late 20th century, leading to further deterioration. However, a turning point came in 2000 when the Förderverein Schloss Osterstein was established to save the castle. Emergency measures, including roof repairs and structural reinforcements, preserved the remaining historical fabric.

With financial support from federal and state funds, as well as a major investor, restoration work began in earnest. On November 3, 2006, the foundation stone for the castle's restoration was laid, and local construction firms undertook the ambitious project. By September 9, 2007, the topping-out ceremony was celebrated, and by November 7, 2008, the keys were handed over to the operating company, Senioren- und Seniorenpflegeheim gemeinnützige GmbH Zwickau. The first residents moved into the newly converted apartments for assisted living on November 11, 2008.

The Great Hall: A Renaissance Marvel

One of Osterstein Castle's most remarkable features is the Great Hall or Große Hofstube. Thanks to the castle's restoration, this hall is now one of the best-preserved Renaissance great halls in Saxony. Originally used as a utility room and marred by various modifications, it has been meticulously restored under the principles of monument preservation. Covering approximately 175 square meters, it is the largest surviving room from the 16th century within the castle. Historical records reveal that up to 20 tables were set up here for simultaneous dining. The hall's architectural description highlights its two-aisled, three-bay vaulted structure, with robust Tuscan columns made of Cainsdorfer sandstone dominating the space.

A New Era for Osterstein Castle

Today, Osterstein Castle stands as a testament to Zwickau's resilience and commitment to preserving its heritage. The castle not only provides housing for the elderly but also features gastronomic and museum spaces, such as the Mauritius Schloss Schenke, which opened on October 8, 2016. Visitors can explore the castle's rich history, marvel at its architectural splendor, and appreciate its transformation from a medieval fortress to a Renaissance palace, a prison, and finally, a cherished historical landmark.